Abstract
We study analytically propagating surface plasmon modes of a Kerr slab sandwiched between two graphene layers. We show that some of the modes that propagate forward at low field intensities start propagating with negative slope of dispersion and positive flux of energy (fast-light surface plasmons) when the field intensity becomes high. We also discover that our structure supports an additional branch of low-intensity fast-light guided modes. The possibility of dynamically switching between the forward and the fast-light plasmon modes by changing the intensity of the excitation light or the chemical potential of the graphene layers opens up wide opportunities for controlling light with light and electrical signals on the nanoscale.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.





References
Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos SV, Grigorieva IV, Firsov AA (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306:666
Bonaccorso F, Sun Z, Hasan T, Ferrari A C (2010) Graphene photonics and optoelectronics. Nat Photonics 4:611
Grigorenko AN, Polini M, Novoselov KS (2012) Graphene plasmonics. Nat Photonics 6:749
Rupasinghe C, Rukhlenko ID, Premaratne M (2014) Spaser made of graphene and carbon nanotubes. ACS Nano 8:2431– 2438
Zhu W, Rukhlenko ID, Premaratne M (2013) Graphene metamaterial for optical reflection modulation. Appl Phys Lett 102 :241914
Zhu W, Rukhlenko ID, Premaratne M (2013) Graphene-enabled tunability of optical fishnet metamaterial. Appl Phys Lett 102:121911
Vakil A, Engheta N (2011) Transformation optics using graphene. Science 332:1291
Udagedara I, Rukhlenko ID, Premaratne M (2011) Complex- ω approach versus comple-k approach in description of gain-assisted SPP propagation along linear chains of metallic nanospheres. Phys Rev B 83:115451
Udagedara I, Rukhlenko ID, Premaratne M (2011) Surface plasmon-polariton propagation in piecewise linear chains of composite nanospheres: the role of optical gain and chain layout. Opt Express 19:19973
Handapangoda D, Rukhlenko ID, Premaratne M (2013) Analytical study of optimal design and gain parameters of double-slot plasmonic waveguides. J Opt 15:035006
Handapangoda D, Rukhlenko ID, Premaratne M (2012) Optimizing the design of planar heterostructures for plasmonic waveguiding. J Opt Soc Am B 29:553–558
Handapangoda D, Premaratne M, Rukhlenko ID, Jagadish C (2011) Optimal design of composite nanowires for extended reach of surface plasmon-polaritons. Opt Express 19:16058
Handapangoda D, Rukhlenko ID, Premaratne M, Jagadish C (2010) Optimization of gain-assisted waveguiding in metal-dielectric nanowires. Opt Lett 35:4190
Hanson GW (2008) Quasi-transverse electromagnetic modes supported by a graphene parallel-plate waveguide. J Appl Phys 104:084314
Hajian H, Soltani-Vala A, Kalafi M (2013) Optimizing terahertz surface plasmons of a monolayer graphene and a graphene parallel plate waveguide using one-dimensional photonic crystal. J Appl Phys 114:033102
Smirnova DA, Gorbach AV, Iorsh IV, Shadrivov IV, Kivshar Yu-S (2013) Nonlinear switching with a graphene coupler. Phys Rev B 88:045443
Liu M, Yin X, Zhang X (2012) Double-layer graphene optical modulator. Nano Lett 12:1482
Koppens FHL, Chang DE, Garcia FJ (2011) de Abajo, Graphene plasmonics a platform for strong light–matter interactions. Nano Lett 11:3370
Hendry E, Hale PJ, Moger J, Savchenko AK, Mikhailov SA (2010) Coherent nonlinear optical Response of graphene. Phys Rev Lett 105:097401
Nesterov ML, Bravo-Abad J, Nikitin A-Yu, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Martin-Moreno L (2013) Graphene supports the propagation of subwavelength optical solitons. Laser Photonics Rev 7 :L7
Huang JH, Chang R, Leung PT, Tsai DP (2009) Nonlinear dispersion relation for surface plasmon at a metal–Kerr medium interface. Opt Commun 282:1412
Chen Q, Wang ZH (1993) Exact dispersion relations for TM waves guided by thin dielectric films bounded by nonlinear media. Opt Lett 18:260
Davoyan AR, Shadrivov IV, Kivshar Yu-S (2008) Nonlinear plasmonic slot waveguides. Opt Express 16:21209
Rukhlenko ID, Pannipitiya A, Premaratne M (2011) Dispersion relation for surface plasmon-polaritons in metal/nonlinear -dielectric/metal slot waveguides. Opt Lett 36:3374
Rukhlenko ID, Pannipitiya A, Premaratne M, Agrawal GP (2011) Exact dispersion relation for nonlinear plasmonic waveguides. Phys Rev B 84:113409
Wang L, Cai W, Zhang X, Xu J (2012) Surface plasmons at the interface between graphene and Kerr-type nonlinear media. Opt Lett 37:2730
Hajian H, Soltani-Vala A, Kalafi M, Leung PT (2014) Surface plasmons of a graphene parallel plate waveguide bounded by Kerr-type nonlinear media. J Appl Phys 115:083104
Falkovsky LA (2008) Optical properties of graphene. J Phys: Conf Series 129:012004
Davoyan A, Shadrivov IV, Bozhevolnyi SI, Kivshar YS (2010) Backward and forward modes guided by metal-dielectric-metal plasmonic waveguides. J Nanophoton 4:043509
Feigenbaum E, Kaminski N, Orenstein M (2009) Negative dispersion: a backwar d wave or fast light? Nanoplasmonic examples. Opt Exp 17:18934
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by projects DPT-HAMIT, ESF-EPIGRAT, and NATO-SET-181, and by TUBITAK under Projects Nos. 107A004, 109A015, 109E301, and 110T306. E.O. and H.C. acknowledge partial support from the Turkish Academy of Sciences. I.D.R. gratefully acknowledges the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for its Grant 14.B25.31.0002.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hajian, H., Rukhlenko, I.D., Leung, P.T. et al. Guided Plasmon Modes of a Graphene-Coated Kerr Slab. Plasmonics 11, 735–741 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-015-0104-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-015-0104-2
Keywords
- Surface plasmons
- Plasmonics
- Kerr effect
- Nonlinear optics at surfaces