Abstract
The main progresses in the multinucleon transfer reactions at energies close to the Coulomb barrier are reviewed. After a short presentation of the experimental progress and theoretical progress, the predicted production cross sections for unknown neutron-rich heavy nuclei and the trans-uranium nuclei are presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. Mach, A. Piotrowski, R. L. Gill, R. F. Casten, and D. D. Warner, Identification of Four New Neutron-Rich Rare-Earth Isotopes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1547 (1986)
G. Engler, Y. Nir-El, M. Shmid, and S. Amiel, Half-life measurements of Rb, Sr, Y, Cs, Ba, La and Ce isotopes with A = 91–98 and A = 142–149, Phys. Rev. C 19, 1948 (1979)
J. Kurcewicz, F. Farinon, H. Geissel, S. Pietri, C. Nociforo, et al., Discovery and cross-section measurement of neutron-rich isotopes in the element range from neodymium to platinum with the FRS, Phys. Lett. B 717, 371 (2012)
O. B. Tarasov, D. J. Morrissey, A. M. Amthor, T. Baumann, D. Bazin, et al., Evidence for a Change in the Nuclear Mass Surface with the Discovery of the Most Neutron-Rich Nuclei with 17 ≤ Z ≤ 25, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 142501 (2009)
F. S. Zhang and L. X. Ge, Nuclear Fragmentation, Science Press, Beijing, 1998
F. S. Zhang and E. Suraud, Analysis of multifragmentation in a Boltzmann–Langevin approach, Phys. Rev. C 51, 3201 (1995)
F. S. Zhang and E. Suraud, Boltzmann–Langevin equation, dynamical instability and multifragmentation, Phys. lett. B 319, 35 (1993)
Y. Aritomo, T. Wada, M. Ohta, and Y. Abe, Fluctuation-dissipation model for synthesis of superheavy elements, Phys. Rev. C 59, 796 (1999)
C. Y. Wong, Interaction barrier in charged-particle nuclear reactions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 766 (1973)
H. Lü, D. Boilley, Yasuhisa Abe, and C. W. Shen, Synthesis of superheavy elements: Uncertainty analysis to improve the predictive power of reaction models, Phys. Rev. C 94, 034616 (2016)
M. Thoennessen, The Discovery of Isotopes: A Complete Compilation, Springer International Publishing, US, 2016
S. Ayik, O. Yilmaz, B. Yilmaz, A. S. Umar, A. Gokalp, G. Turan, and D. Lacroix, Quantal description of nucleon exchange in a stochastic mean-field approach, Phys. Rev. C 91, 054601 (2015)
S. Ayik, K. Washiyama, and D. Lacroix, Fluctuation and dissipation dynamics in fusion reactions from a stochastic mean-field approach, Phys. Rev. C 79, 054606 (2009)
R. Yanez and W. Loveland, Predicting the production of neutron-rich heavy nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions using a semi-classical model including evaporation and fission competition, GRAZING-F, Phys. Rev. C 91, 044608 (2015)
E. Vigezzi and A. Winther, On the application of complex trajectories to direct heavy-ion reactions, Ann. Phys. (NY) 192, 432 (1989)
L. Corradi, A. M. Stefanini, D. Ackermann, S. Beghini, G. Montagnoli, C. Petrache, F. Scarlassara, C. H. Dasso, G. Pollarolo, and A. Winther, Multinucleon transfer reactions in 32S+208Pb close to the Coulomb barrier, Phys. Rev. C 49, 2875(R) (1994)
L. Corradi, A. M. Vinodkumar, A. M. Stefanini, E. Fioretto, G. Prete, S. Beghini, G. Montagnoli, F. Scarlassara, G. Pollarolo, F. Cerutti, and A. Winther, Light and heavy transfer products in 58Ni+208Pb at the Coulomb barrier, Phys. Rev. C 66, 024606 (2002)
O. Beliuskina, S. Heinz, V. Zagrebaev, V. Comas, C. Heinz, et al., On the synthesis of neutron-rich isotopes along the N = 126 shell in multinucleon transfer reactions, Eur. Phys. J. A 50, 161 (2014)
T. Welsh, W. Loveland, R. Yanez, J. S. Barrett, E. A. McCutchan, et al., Modeling multi-nucleon transfer in symmetric collisions of massive nuclei, Phys. Lett. B 771, 119 (2017)
V. Zagrebaev and W. Greiner, Shell effects in damped collisions: A new way to superheavies, J. Phys. G Nucl. Part. Phys. 34, 2265 (2007)
S. Wuenschel, K. Hagel, M. Barbui, J. Gauthier, X. G. Cao, et al., Experimental survey of the production of α-decaying heavy elements in 238U+232Th reactions at 7.5–6.1 MeV/nucleon, Phys. Rev. C 97, 064602 (2018)
S. Ayik, B. Yilmaz, O. Yilmaz, and A. S. Umar, Quantal diffusion description of multinucleon transfers in heavyion collisions, Phys. Rev. C 97, 054618 (2018)
S. Ayik, B. Yilmaz, O. Yilmaz, A. S. Umar, and G. Turan, Multinucleon transfer in central collisions of 238U +238U, Phys. Rev. C 96, 024611 (2017)
R. Bass, Nuclear Reactions with Heavy Ions, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010
C. J. Lin, Heavy-Ion Nuclear Reactions, Harbin Engineering Unirersity Press, Harbin, 2015
V. W. Oertzen, H. G. Bohlen, B. Gebauer, R. Künkel, F. Pühlhofer, and D. Scühll, Quasi-elastic neutron transfer and pairing effects in the interaction of heavy nuclei, Z. Phys. A 326, 463 (1987)
V. W. Oertzen, Cold multi-nucleon transfer between heavy nuclei and the synthesis of new elements, Z. Phys. A 342, 177 (1992)
F. L. H. Wolfs, Fission and deep-inelastic scattering yields for 58Ni+112,124Sn sn at energies around the barrier, Phys. Rev. C 36, 1379 (1987)
L. Corradi, A. M. Stefanini, C. J. Lin, S. Beghini, G. Montagnoli, F. Scarlassara, G. Pollarolo, and A. Winther, Multinucleon transfer processes in 64Ni+238U, Phys. Rev. C 59, 261 (1999)
L. Corradi, G. Pollarolo, and S. Szilner, Multinucleon transfer processes in heavy-ion reactions, J. Phys. G 36, 113101 (2009)
R. Kaufmann and R. Wolfgang, Complex nucleon transfer reactions of heavy ions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 3, 232 (1959)
R. W. Hasse, Approaches to nuclear friction, Rep. Prog. Phys. 41, 1027 (1978)
D. H. E. Gross and H. Kalinowski, Friction model of heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rep. 45, 175 (1978)
W. Nörenberg, Transport phenomena in multi-nucleon transfer reactions, Phys. Lett. B 52, 289 (1974)
J. Galin, D. Guerreau, M. Lefort, J. Peter, X. Tarrago, and R. Basile, Mechanism of single-nucleon and multinucleon transfer reactions in grazing collisions of heavy ions on silver, Nucl. Phys. A 159, 461 (1970)
A. G. Artukh, G. F. Gridnev, V. L. Mikheev, and V. V. Volkov, New isotopes 22O, 20N and 18C produced in transfer reactions with heavy ions, Nucl. Phys. A 137, 348 (1969)
A. G. Artukh, G. F. Gridnev, V. L. Mikheev, V. V. Volkov, and J. Wilczynski, Transfer reactions in the interaction of 40Ar with 232Th, Nucl. Phys. A 215, 91 (1973)
J. Wilczynski, Nuclear molecules and nuclear friction, Phys. Lett. B 47, 484 (1973)
B. Tamain, C. Ng, J. Pter, and F. Hanappe, Fission of medium and heavy nuclei induced by 40Ar from 160 to 300 MeV: Cross sections, Nucl. Phys. A 252, 187 (1975)
P. Auger, T. H. Chiang, J. Galin, B. Gatty, D. Guerreau, E. Nolte, J. Pouthas, X. Tarrago, and J. Girard, Observation of new nuclides 37Si, 40P and 41S, 42S produced in deeply inelastic reactions induced by 40Ar on 238U, Z. Phys. A 289, 255 (1979)
D. Guerrau, J. Galin, B. Gatty, X. Tarrago, J. Girard, R. Lucas, and C. Ngô, Seven new neutron rich nuclides observed in deep inelastic collisions of 340 MeV 40Ar on 238U, Z. Phys. A 295, 105 (1980)
H. Breuer, K. L. Wolf, B. G. Glagola, K. K. Kwiatkowski, A. C. Mignerey, V. E. Viola, W. W. Wilcke, W. U. Schrder, J. R. Huizenga, D. Hilscher, and J. Birkelund, Production of neutron-excess nuclei in 56Fe-induced reactions, Phys. Rev. C 22, 2454 (1980)
P. A. Söderström, J. Nyberg, P. H. Regan, A. Algora, G. de Angelis, et al., Spectroscopy of neutron-rich 168,170Dy: Yrast band evolution close to the N pN n valence maximum, Phys. Rev. C 81, 034310 (2010)
H. Sophie, Multinucleon transfer reactions a pathway to new heavy and superheavy nuclei? Phys. Conf. Ser. 1014, 012005 (2018)
S. K. Allison, P. G. Murphy, and E. Norbeck, Mass of 13B from the nuclear reaction 7Li(7Li, p)13B, Phy. Rev. 102, 1182 (1956)
T. S. Bhatia, H. Hafner, R. Haupt, R. Maschuw, and G. J. Wagner, Masses of 62Fe and the new isotope 68Ni from (18O+20Ni) reactions, Z. Phys. A 281, 65 (1977)
P. Dessagne, M. Bernas, M. Langevin, G. C. Morrison, J. Payet, F. Pougheon, and P. Roussel, The complex transfer reaction (14C, 15O) on Ni, Zn and Ge targets: Existence and mass of 69Ni, Nucl. Phys. A 426, 399 (1984)
K. Zhao, J. S. Lilley, P. V. Drumm, D. D. Warner, R. A. Cunningham, and J. N. Mo, Production of 199Ir via exotic nucleon transfer reaction, Chin. Phys. Lett. 265 (1993)
L. Zhang, G. M. Jin, J. H. Zhao, W. F. Yang, Y. F. Yang, Z. Z. Zhao, J. W. Zheng, X. R. Sun, J. C. Wang, Z. W. Li, Z. Qin, G. H. Guo, Y. Luo, Z. Jan, and Z. Jingye, Observation of the new neutron-rich nuclide 208Hg, Phys. Rev. C 49, R592 (1994)
S. Yuan, W. Yang, W. Mou, X. Zhang, Z. Li, X. Yu, J. Gu, Y. Guo, Z. Gan, H. Liu, and J. Guo, A new isotope of protactinium: 239Pa, Z. Phys. A 352, 235 (1995)
L. Zhang, J. Zhao, J. Zheng, J. Wang, Z. Qin, Y. Yang, C. Zhang, G. Jin, G. Guo, Y. Du, T. Guo, T. Wang, B. Guo, J. Tian, and Y. Lou, Neutron-rich heavy residues and exotic multinucleon transfer, Phys. Rev. C 58, 156 (1998)
S. Yuan, W. Yang, Z. Li, J. He, T. Ma, K. Fang, S. Shen, Z. Gan, Q. Pan, Z. Chen, T. Guo, W. Mou, D. Su, Y. Xu, J. Guo, H. Liu, L. Shi, Z. Zhao, and H. Ma, Production and identification of a new heavy neutronrich isotope 186Hf, Phys. Rev. C 57, 1506 (1998)
J. He, W. Yang, S. Yuan, Y. Xu, Z. Li, T. Ma, B. Xiong, Z. Qin, W. Mou, Z. Gan, L. Shi, T. Guo, Z. Chen, and J. Guo, Synthesis and identification of a new heavy neutron-rich isotope 238Th, Phys. Rev. C 59, 520 (1999)
C. Bruske, K. H. Burkard, W. Hller, R. Kirchner, O. Klepper, and E. Roeckl, Status report on the gsi on-line mass separator facility, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 186, 61 (1981)
K. L. Gippert, E. Runte, W. D. Schmidt-Ott, P. Tidemand-Petersson, N. Kaffrell, et al., Decay studies of neutron-rich radium and actinium isotopes, including the new nuclides 232Ra and 232,234Ac, Nucl. Phys. A 453, 1 (1986)
R. M. Chasteler, J. M. Nitschke, R. B. Firestone, K. S. Vierinen, P. A. Wilmarth, and A. A. Shihab-Eldin, Identification of the neutron-rich isotope 174Er, Z. Phys. A 332, 239 (1989)
R. M. Chasteler, J. M. Nitschke, R. B. Firestone, K. S. Vierinen, and P. A. Wilmarth, Decay of the neutronrich isotope 171Ho and the identification of 169Dy, Phys. Rev. C 42, R1171 (1990)
L. Corradi, J. H. He, D. Ackermann, A. M. Stefanini, A. Pisent, et al., Multinucleon transfer reactions in 40Ca+124Sn, Phys. Rev. C 54, 201 (1996)
L. Corradi, Evidence of complex degrees of freedom in multinucleon transfer reactions of 48Ca+124Sn, Phys. Rev. C 56, 938 (1997)
A. M. Stefanini, L. Corradi, G. Maron, A. Pisent, M. Trotta, et al., The heavy-ion magnetic spectrometer prisma, Nucl. Phys. A 701, 217 (2002)
H. Savajols, Vamos: A variable mode high acceptance spectrometer, Nucl. Phys. A 654, 1027c (1999)
A. Cunsolo, F. Cappuzzello, A. Foti, A. Lazzaro, A. L. Melita, et al., Technique for 1st order design of a large-acceptance magnetic spectrometer, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res 481, 48 (2002)
L. Corradi, Heavy ion transfer reactions: Ongoing and future experiments performed with large acceptance magnetic spectrometers, EPJ Web Conf. 63, 02002 (2013)
L. Corradi, A. M. Vinodkumar, A. M. Stefanini, E. Fioretto, G. Prete, et al., Light and heavy transfer products in 58Ni+208Pb at the coulomb barrier, Phys. Rev. C 66, 024606 (2002)
S. Szilner, L. Corradi, G. Pollarolo, S. Beghini, B. R. Behera, et al., Multinucleon transfer processes in 40Ca +208 Pb, Phys. Rev. C 71, 044610 (2005)
D. Montanari, L. Corradi, S. Szilner, G. Pollarolo, E. Fioretto, et al., Neutron pair transfer in 60Ni+116Sn far below the coulomb barrier, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 052501 (2014)
M. Evers, M. Dasgupta, D. J. Hinde, and C. Simenel, Multi-nucleon transfer in the reactions 16O; 32S+208Pb, EPJ Web Conf. 17 (2011)
R. Broda, C. T. Zhang, P. Kleinheinz, R. Menegazzo, K. H. Maier, H. Grawe, M. Schramm, R. Schubart, M. Lach, and S. Hofmann, Collisions between 106Cd and 54Fe at 30 MeV above the coulomb barrier by high resolution γ coincidences, Phys. Rev. C 49, R575 (1994)
R. Broda, Spectroscopic studies with the use of deepinelastic heavy-ion reactions, J. Phys. G 32, R151 (2006)
C. H. Dasso, G. Pollarolo, and A. Winther, Systematics of isotope production with radioactive beams, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1907 (1994)
G. G. Adamian, N. V. Antonenko, and A. S. Zubov, Production of unknown transactinides in asymmetry-exitchannel quasifission reactions, Phys. Rev. C 71, 034603 (2005)
V. Zagrebaev and W. Greiner, Production of new heavy isotopes in low-energy multinucleon transfer reactions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 122701 (2008)
Z. Q. Feng, G. M. Jin, and J. Q. Li, Production of heavy isotopes in transfer reactions by collisions of 238U+238U, Phys. Rev. C 80, 067601 (2009)
G. G. Adamian, N. V. Antonenko, V. V. Sargsyan, and W. Scheid, Possibility of production of neutron-rich zn and ge isotopes in multinucleon transfer reactions at low energies, Phys. Rev. C 81, 024604 (2010)
G. G. Adamian, N. V. Antonenko, V. V. Sargsyan, and W. Scheid, Predicted yields of new neutron-rich isotopes of nuclei with z = 64–80 in the multinucleon transfer reaction 48Ca +238U, Phys. Rev. C 81, 057602 (2010)
Y. X. Watanabe, Y. H. Kim, S. C. Jeong, Y. Hirayama, N. Imai, et al., Pathway for the production of neutronrich isotopes around the N = 126 shell closure, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 172503 (2015)
V. F. Comas, S. Heinz, S. Hofmann, D. Ackermann, J. A. Heredia, F. P. Heβberger, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, B. Lommel, and R. Mann, Study of multinucleon transfer reactions in 58,64Ni+207Pb collisions at the velocity filter ship, Eur. Phys. J. A 49, 1 (2013)
E. M. Kozulin, E. Vardaci, G. N. Knyazheva, A. A. Bogachev, S. N. Dmitriev, et al., Mass distributions of the system 136Xe+208Pb at laboratory energies around the coulomb barrier: A candidate reaction for the production of neutron-rich nuclei at N = 126, Phys. Rev. C 86, 044611 (2012)
J. V. Kratz, M. Schädel, and H. W. Gäggeler, Reexamining the heavy-ion reactions 238U+238U and 238U+248Cm and actinide production close to the barrier, Phys. Rev. C 88, 054615 (2013)
J. S. Barrett, W. Loveland, R. Yanez, S. Zhu, A. D. Ayangeakaa, et al., 136Xe +208 Pb reaction: A test of models of multinucleon transfer reactions, Phys. Rev. C 91, 064615 (2015)
A. Vogt, M. Siciliano, B. Birkenbach, P. Reiter, K. Hadyska-Klk, et al., High-spin structures in 132Xe and 133Xe and evidence for isomers along the N = 79 isotones, Phys. Rev. C 96, 024321 (2017)
E. M. Kozulin, V. I. Zagrebaev, G. N. Knyazheva, I. M. Itkis, K. V. Novikov, M. G. Itkis, S. N. Dmitriev, I. M. Harca, A. E. Bondarchenko, A. V. Karpov, V. V. Saiko, and E. Vardaci, Inverse quasifission in the reactions 156,160Gd+186W, Phys. Rev. C 96, 064621 (2017)
V. I. Zagrebaev, Y. T. Oganessian, M. G. Itkis, and W. Greiner, Superheavy nuclei and quasi-atoms produced in collisions of transuranium ions, Phys. Rev. C 73, 031602 (2006)
J. V. Kratz, W. Loveland, and K. J. Moody, Syntheses of transuranium isotopes with atomic numbers Z ≤ 103 in multi-nucleon transfer reactions, Nucl. Phys. A 944, 117 (2015)
M. Schädel, Prospects of heavy and superheavy element production via inelastic nucleus-nucleus collisions from 238U+238U to 18O+254Es, EPJ Web Conf. 131, 04001 (2016)
A. Vogt, B. Birkenbach, P. Reiter, L. Corradi, T. Mijatović, et al., Light and heavy transfer products in 136Xe+238 U multinucleon transfer reactions, Phys. Rev. C 92, 024619 (2015)
H. M. Devaraja, S. Heinz, O. Beliuskina, V. Comas, S. Hofmann, et al., Observation of new neutron-deficient isotopes with Z ≥ 92 in multinucleon transfer reactions, Phys. Lett. B 748, 199 (2015)
H. Gäggeler, W. Brüchle, M. Brügger, M. Schädel, K. Smmerer, et al., Production of cold target-like fragments in the reaction of 48Ca+248Cm, Phys. Rev. C 33, 1983 (1986)
N. V. Antonenko, E. A. Cherepanov, A. K. Nasirov, V. P. Permjakov, V. V. Volkov, Competition between complete fusion and quasi-fission in reactions between massive nuclei: The fusion barrier, Phys. Lett. B 319, 425 (1993)
G. G. Adamian, N. V. Antonenko, W. Scheid, Model of competition between fusion and quasifission in reactions with heavy nuclei, Nucl. Phys. A 618, 176 (1997)
Yu. E. Penionzhkevich, G. G. Adamian, N. V. Antonenko, Towards neutron drip line via transfer-type reactions, Phys. Lett. B 621, 119 (2005)
L. Zhu, J. Su, and P. W. Wen, Optimal incident energies for production of neutron-deficient actinide nuclei in the reaction 58Ni +238 U, Phys. Rev. C 95, 044608 (2017)
L. Zhu, Z. Q. Feng, and F. S. Zhang, Production of heavy neutron-rich nuclei in transfer reactions within the dinuclear system mode, J. Phys. G 42, 085102 (2015)
R. J. Charity, Systematic description of evaporation spectra for light and heavy compound nuclei, Phys. Rev. C 82, 014610 (2010)
L. Zhu, J. Su, W. J. Xie, and F. S. Zhang, Theoretical study on production of heavy neutron-rich isotopes around the N = 126 shell closure in radioactive beam induced transfer reactions, Phys. Lett. B 767, 437 (2017)
M. Schädel, et al., Actinide production in collisions of 238U with 248Cm, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 852 (1982)
L. Zhu, J. Su, W. J. Xie, and F. S. Zhang, Production of neutron-rich transcalifornium nuclei in 238U-induced transfer reactions, Phys. Rev. C 94, 054606 (2016)
L. Zhu, Theoretical study on production cross sections of exotic actinide nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions, Chin. Phys. C 41, 124102 (2017)
A. Winther, Grazing reactions in collisions between heavy nuclei, Nucl. Phys. A 572, 191 (1994)
A. Winther, Dissipation, polarization and fluctuation in grazing heavy-ion collisions and the boundary to the chaotic regime, Nucl. Phys. A 594, 203 (1995)
P. W. Wen, C. Li, L. Zhu, C. J. Lin, and F. S. Zhang, Mechanism of multinucleon transfer reaction based on the GRAZING model and DNS model, J. Phys. G 44, 115101 (2017)
J. Aichelin, “Quantum” molecular dynamics-a dynamical microscopic n-body approach to investigate fragment formation and the nuclear equation of state in heavy ion collisions, Phys. Rep. 202, 233 (1991)
N. Wang, Z. X. Li, and X. Z. Wu, Improved quantum molecular dynamics model and its applications to fusion reaction near barrier, Phys. Rev. C 65, 064608 (2002)
C. Li, J. L. Tian, L. Ou, and N. Wang, Finite-size effects on fragmentation in heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rev. C 87, 064615 (2013)
C. Li, F. Zhang, J. J. Li, L. Zhu, J. L. Tian, N. Wang, and F. S. Zhang, Multinucleon transfer in the 136Xe+ 208Pb reaction, Phys. Rev. C 93, 014618 (2016)
C. Li, P. W. Wen, J. J. Li, G. Zhang, B. Li, X. X. Xu, Z. Liu, S. F. Zhu, and F. S. Zhang, Production mechanism of new neutron-rich heavy nuclei in the 136Xe +198 Pt reaction, Phys. Lett. B 776, 278 (2018)
L. Zhu, F. S. Zhang, P. W. Wen, J. Su, and W. J. Xie, Production of neutron-rich nuclei with Z = 60–73 in reactions induced by Xe isotopes, Phys. Rev. C 96, 024606 (2017)
G. Zhang, C. Li, P. W. Wen, J. J. Li, X. X. Xu, B. Li, Z. Liu, and F. S. Zhang, Production of neutron-rich 209–212Pt isotopes based on a dinuclear system model, Phys. Rev. C 98, 014603 (2018)
Acknowledgements
We warmly thank Prof. A. Arima for the encouragement on transport model on heavy ion collisions. F. S. Zhang thanks Y. Abe, S. Ayik, D. Boilley, L. W. Chen, D. Q. Fang, Z. G. Gan, S. Heinz, Y. G. Ma, J. Meng, B. A. Li, C. J. Lin, W. P. Liu, Z. Liu, W. Loveland, Z. Z. Ren, W. Q. Shen, X. D. Tang, B. Tsang, Yu. S. Tsyganov, M. Veselsky, J. S. Wang, C. Y. Wong, G. Q. Xiao, Z. G. Xiao, F. R. Xu, Y. L. Ye, W. L. Zhan, H. Q. Zhang, Y. H. Zhang, E. G. Zhao, Y. M. Zhao, S. G. Zhou, X. H. Zhou, and S. Zhu for valuable discussions on multinucleon transfer reactions. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants Nos. 11635003, 11025524, 11161130520, 11605270, 11605296, 11805015, and 11805280; the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No. 2010CB832903; the European Commission’s 7th Framework Programme (Fp7-PEOPLE- 2010-IRSES) under Grant Agreement Project No. 269131; the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2016M600956, 2017M621035, and 2018T110069); the Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation (2017-zz-076); and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2016A030310208).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, FS., Li, C., Zhu, L. et al. Production cross sections for exotic nuclei with multinucleon transfer reactions. Front. Phys. 13, 132113 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-018-0843-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-018-0843-6