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Ground states, solitons and spin textures in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

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Abstract

We present an overview of our recent theoretical studies on the quantum phenomena of the spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates, including the phase diagram, soliton solutions and the formation of the topological spin textures. A brief exploration of the effects of spin-orbit coupling on the ground-state properties is given. We put forward proposals by using the transmission spectra of an optical cavity to probe the quantum ground states: the ferromagnetic and polar phases. Quasi-one-dimension solitons and ring dark solitons are studied. It is predicted that characteristics of the magnetic solitons in optical lattice can be tuned by controlling the long-range light-induced and static magnetic dipoledipole interactions; solutions of single-component magnetic and single-, two-, three-components polar solitons are found; ring dark solitons in spin-1 condensates are predicted to live longer lifetimes than that in their scalar counterparts. In the formation of spin textures, we have considered the theoretical model of a rapidly quenched and fast rotating trapped spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate, whose dynamics can be studied by solving the stochastic projected Gross-Pitaevskii equations. Spontaneous generation of nontrivial topological defects, such as the hexagonal lattice skyrmions and square lattice of half-quantized vortices was predicted. In particular, crystallization of merons (half skyrmions) can be generated in the presence of spin-orbit coupling.

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  1. Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Shu-Wei Song, Lin Wen & Wu-Ming Liu

  2. School of Science, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China

    Chao-Fei Liu

  3. Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50058, Taiwan, China

    S. -C. Gou

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Song, SW., Wen, L., Liu, CF. et al. Ground states, solitons and spin textures in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates. Front. Phys. 8, 302–318 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-013-0350-8

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