Abstract
We extend the Riemann-Hilbert approach to the TD equation, which is a highly nonlinear differential integrable equation. Zero boundary condition at infinity for the TD equation is not suitable. Inverse scattering transform for this equation involves the singular Riemann-Hilbert problem, which means that the sectionally analytic functions have singularities on the boundary curve. Regularization procedures of the singular Riemann-Hilbert problem for two cases, the general case and the case for reflectionless potentials, are considered. Solitonic solutions to the TD equation are given.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ablowitz M J, Biondini G, Prinari B. Inverse scattering transform for the integrable discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonvanishing boundary conditions. Inverse Problems, 2007, 23: 1711–1758
Asano N, Kato Y. Non-self-adjoint Zakharov-Shabat operator with a potential of the finite asymptotic values: I. Direct spectral and scattering problems. J Math Phys, 1981, 22: 2780–2793
Bikbaev R F. Influence of viscosity on the structure of shock waves in the mKdV model. J Math Sci, 1995, 77: 3042–3045
Biondini G, Kovacic G. Inverse scattering transform for the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonzero boundary conditions. J Math Phys, 2014, 55: 031506
Biondini G, Prinari B. On the spectrum of the Dirac operator and the existence of discrete eigenvalues for the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Stud Appl Math, 2014, 132: 138–159
Chen X J, Lam W K. Inverse scattering transform for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonvanishing boundary conditions. Phys Rev E, 2004, 69: 066604
Deift P, Zhou X. A steepest descent method for oscillatory Riemann-Hilbert problems. Asymptotics for the MKdV equation. Ann Math, 1993, 137: 295–368
Demontis F, Prinari B, van der Mee C, Vitale F. The inverse scattering transform for the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equations with nonzero boundary conditions. Stud Appl Math, 2013, 131: 1–40
Faddeev L D, Takhtajan L A. Hamiltonian Methods in the Theory of Solitons. Berlin: Springer, 1987
Frolov I S. Inverse scattering problem for the Dirac system on the whole line. Sov Math Dokl, 1972, 13: 1468–1472
Gardner C S, Greene J M, Kruskal M D, Miura R M. Method for solving the Kortewegde Vries equation. Phys Rev Lett, 1967, 19: 1095–1097
Garnier J, Kalimeris K. Inverse scattering perturbation theory for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonvanishing background. J Phys A: Math Gen, 2012, 45: 035202
Gelash A A, Zakharov V E. Superregular solitonic solutions: a novel scenario for the nonlinear stage of modulation instability. Nonlinearity, 2014, 27: R1–R39
Geng X G, Wu L H, He G L. Algebro-geometric constructions of the modified Boussinesq flows and quasi-periodic solutions. Phys D, 2011, 240: 1262–1288
Geng X G, Zeng X, Xue B. Algebro-geometric solutions of the TD hierarchy. Math Phys Anal Geom, 2013, 16: 229–251
Gerdjikov V S, Kulish P P. Completely integrable Hamiltonian systems connected with the non self-adjoint Dirac operator. Bulg J Phys, 1978, 5: 337–349 (in Russian)
Gu C H, Hu H S, Zhou Z X. Darboux Transformations in Integrable Systems: Theory and their Applications to Geometry. Dordrecht: Springer, 2005
Hirota H. Exact solution of the Korteweg-de Vries equation for multiple collisions of solitons. Phys Rev Lett, 1971, 27: 1192–1194
Hirota R. A new form of Bäcklund transformation and its relation to the inverse scattering problem. Prog Theor Phys, 1974, 52: 1498–1512
Ieda J, Uchiyama M, Wadati M. Inverse scattering method for square matrix nonlinear Schrödinger equation under nonvanishing boundary conditions. J Math Phys, 2007, 48: 013507
Kawata T, Inoue H. Inverse scattering method for nonlinear evolution equations under nonvanishing conditions. J Phys Soc Japan, 1978, 44: 1722–1729
Kawata T, Inoue H. Exact solutions of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation under the nonvanishing conditions. J Phys Soc Japan, 1978, 44: 1968–1976
Kotlyarov V, Minakov A. Riemann-Hilbert problem to the modified Korteveg-de Vries equation: Long-time dynamics of the steplike initial data. J Math Phys, 2010, 51: 093506
Kulish P P, Manakov S V, Faddeev L D. Comparison of the exact quantum and quasiclassical results for a nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Theoret and Math Phys, 1976, 28: 615–620
Lakshmanan M. Continuum spin system as an exactly solvable dynamical system. Phys Lett A, 1977, 61: 53–54
Leon J. The Dirac inverse spectral transform: kinks and boomerons. J Math Phys, 1980, 21: 2572–2578
Ma Y C. The perturbed plane-wave solutions of the cubic Schrödinger equation. Stud Appl Math, 1079, 60: 43–58
Matveev V B, Salle M A. Darboux Transformation and Solitions. Berlin: Springer, 1991
Mjølhus E. Nonlinear and the DNLS equation: oblique aspects. Physica Scripta, 1989, 40: 227–237
Prinari B, Ablowitz M J, Biondini G. Inverse scattering transform for vector nonlinear Schrödinger equation with non-vanishing boundary conditions. J Math Phys, 2006, 47: 063508
Prinari B, Biondini G, Trubatch A D. Inverse scattering transform for the multicomponent nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonzero boundary conditions. Stud Appl Math, 2010, 126: 245–302
Prinari B, Vitale F, Biondini G. Dark-bright soliton solutions with nontrivial polarization interactions for the three-component defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonzero boundary conditions. J Math Phys, 2015, 56: 071505
Prinari B. Vitale F. Inverse scattering transform for the focusing Ablowitz-Ladik system with nonzero boundary conditions. Stud Appl Math, 2016, 137: 28–52
Qiao Z J. A new completely integrable Liouville’s system produced by the Kaup-Newell eigenvalue problem. J Math Phys, 1993, 34: 3110–3120
Qiao Z J. A finite-dimensional integrable system and the involutive solutions of the higher-order Heisenberg spin chain equations. Phys Lett A, 1994, 186: 97–102
Qiao Z J. Non-dynamical r-matrix and algebraic-geometric solution for a discrete system. Chin Sci Bull, 1998, 43: 1149–1153
Rogers C, Schief W K. Bäcklund and Darboux Transformations Geometry and Modern Applications in Soliton Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press, 2002
Steudel H. The hierarchy of multi-soliton solutions of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation. J Phys A: Math Gen, 2003, 36: 1931–1946
Takhtajan L A. Integration of the continuous Heisenberg spin chain through the inverse scattering method. Phys Lett A, 1977, 64: 235–237
Tu G Z. The trace identity, a powerful tool for constructing the Hamiltonian structure of integrable systems. J Math Phys, 1989, 30: 330–338
Tu G Z, Meng D Z. The trace identity, a powerful tool for constructing the Hamiltonian structure of integrable systems. II. Acta Math Appl Sin, 1989, 5: 89–96
Vekslerchik V E, Konotop V V. Discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation under nonvanishing boundary conditions. Inverse Probl, 1992, 8: 889–909
Wahlquist H D, Estabrook F B. Bäcklund transformation for solutions of the Kortewegde Vries equation. Phys Rev Lett, 1973, 23: 1386–1389
Wang S K, Guo H Y, Wu K. Inverse scattering transform and regular Riemann-Hilbert problem. Commun Theor Phys (Beijing), 1983, 2: 1169–1173
Wang S K, Guo H Y, Wu K. Principal Riemann-Hilbert problem and N-fold charged Kerr solution. Classical Quantum Gravity, 1984, 1: 378–384
Zakharov V E, Gelash A A. Nonlinear stage of modulation instability. Phys Rev Lett, 2013, 111: 054101
Zakharov V E, Shabat A B. Interaction between solitons in a stable medium. Sov Phys-JETP, 1973, 37: 823–828
Zakharov V E, Shabat A B. Integration of nonlinear equations of mathematical physics by the method of the inverse scattering. II. Funct Anal Appl, 1979, 13: 166–174
Zhou R G. The finite-band solution of the Jaulent-Miodek equation. J Math Phys, 1997, 38: 2535–2546
Zhou R G. A new (2 + 1)-dimensional integrable system and its algebro-geometric solution. Nuovo Cimento B, 2002, 117: 925–939
Zhu J Y, Geng X G. Miura transformation for the TD hierarchy. Chin Phys Lett, 2006, 23: 1–3
Zhu J Y, Wang L L. Kuznetsov-Ma solution and Akhmediev breather for TD equation. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul, 2019, 67: 555–567
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11471295, 11331008).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, J., Wang, L. & Geng, X. Riemann-Hilbert approach to TD equation with nonzero boundary condition. Front. Math. China 13, 1245–1265 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11464-018-0729-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11464-018-0729-5