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An Analysis of Log Raft Open Water Performance and Crew Capability to Move Megaliths Pre-classic Olmec Used for Colossal Head Sculptures

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Abstract

In Mesoamerica, Preclassic Olmec society used large stones for monumental head sculptures, some of which weighed over 20 tonnes. These megaliths were retrieved from the Tuxtla Mountains and transported a distance of at least 80 km to their principal centre at San Lorenzo. The methods and routes used are uncertain, but water–based routes using rafts have been considered the more likely strategy. Of two watercraft types proposed, a log raft configuration has been more favoured. This research examines the possibility that rafts were used and considers structural viability and as the primary motive force, human physiological capabilities. Analyses were undertaken of both raft and crew and their combined performance under these loads. Maritime and meteorological factors found in the Gulf of Mexico were also applied to technological parameters. These analyses show that a log raft configuration would not have been a viable means to move such highly valued stones upstream on rivers, nor over open water.

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Acknowledgments

I thank La Trobe University library staff for acquiring and providing many resources and Melbourne University staff for calculation models. As always, I thank my wife Dianne for her continued patience, support and comments. I also thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and valuable suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. FILAS, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia

    Leslie C. Hazell

  2. 105 Lewis Road Tatong, Melbourne, VIC, 3673, Australia

    Leslie C. Hazell

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  1. Leslie C. Hazell
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Correspondence to Leslie C. Hazell.

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Hazell, L.C. An Analysis of Log Raft Open Water Performance and Crew Capability to Move Megaliths Pre-classic Olmec Used for Colossal Head Sculptures. J Mari Arch 8, 139–152 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11457-013-9109-1

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