Abstract
Based on the multi-regional input-output analysis, this paper improves the four traditional input-output formulas about exports resulting in multi-regional carbon emissions spatial effects which include direct effect, indirect effect, spillover effect and feedback effect. And the latter two formulas are to measure the bidirectional influences of carbon emissions induced by regional exports between two regions. The results suggest that the direct effects of Chinese eight regions induced by national exports decreased from 1997 to 2010, and the indirect effects induced by national exports also decreased except the northern coastal region and the northwestern region in China. During this period, most of Chinese coastal regions had strong spillover effects induced by their own exports. The northern coastal region and the eastern coastal region had stronger feedback effects, while the southern coastal region had weaker feedback effects and Beijing-Tianjin region had the weakest feedback effect induced by their exports. All of the inland regions had strong feedback effects, especially for Northwest and Central China, induced by their exports. More attention should be paid to the inter-regional joint efforts in order to effectively achieve Chinese national carbon-reduction target.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chenery H, 1953. Regional analysis. In Chenery H, Clark P, Pinna V (eds). The Structure and Growth of the Italian Economy. Rome: U.S. Mutual Security Agency.
Cui L B, Peng P, Zhu L, 2015. Embodied energy, export policy adjustment and China’s sustainable development: A multi-regional input-output analysis. Energy, 82: 457–467.
Dietzenbacher E, 2002. Interregional multipliers: Looking backward, looking forward. Regional Studies, 36(2): 125–136.
Guan D, Hubacek K, Peters G P et al., 2008. The drivers of Chinese CO2 emissions from 1980 to 2030. Global Environmental Change, 18(4): 626–634.
Guo J, Zou L L, Wei Y M, 2010. Impact of inter-sectoral trade on national and global CO2 emissions: An empirical analysis of China and US. Energy Policy, 38(3): 1389–1397.
Isard W, 1951. Interregional and regional input-output analysis: A model of a space economy. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 33(4): 318–328.
Kahrl F, Roland-Holst D, 2008. Energy and exports in China. China Economic Review, 19(4): 649–658.
Leontief W, 1970. Environmental repercussions and the economic structure: An input-output approach. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 52(3): 262–271.
Lin B Q, Sun C W, 2010. Evaluating carbon dioxide emissions in international trade of China. Energy Policy, 38(1): 613–621.
Liu W D, Chen J, Tang Z P et al., 2012. China’s 30 Provincial Multi-regional Input-output Table Theory and Practice in 2007. Beijing: China Statistics Press. (in Chinese)
Liu W D, Tang Z P, Chen J et al., 2014. China’s 30 Provincial Multi-regional Input-output Table Theory and Practice in 2010. Beijing: China Statistics Press. (in Chinese)
Miller R E, 1963. Comments on the “General Equilibrium” model of Professor Moses. Metroeconomica, 15(2/3): 82–88.
Moses L N, 1955. The stability of interregional trading patterns and input-output analysis. The American Economic Review, 45(5): 803–832.
Pan W Q, Li Z N, 2007. Feedback and spillover effects between coastal and non-coastal regions of China. Economic Research Journal, (5): 68–77. (in Chinese)
Peters G P, Weber C L, Guan D et al., 2007. China’s growing CO2 emissions: A race between increasing consumption and efficiency gains. Environmental Science & Technology, 41(17): 5939–5944.
Round J I, 1985. Decomposing multipliers for economic systems involving regional and world trade. Economic Journal, 95(378): 383–399.
Shi M J, Jin F J, Li Na et al., 2006. Interregional economic linkage and regional development driving forces based on an interregional input-output analysis of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 61(6): 593–601. (in Chinese)
Shui B, Harriss R C, 2006. The role of CO2 embodiment in US-China trade. Energy Policy, 34(18): 4063–4068.
Sonis M, Oosterhaven J, Hewings G J D, 1993. Spatial economic structure and structural changes in the EC: Feedback loop analysis. Economic Systems Research, 5(2): 173–184.
Su B, Ang B, 2010. Input-output analysis of CO2 emissions embodied in trade: The effects of spatial aggregation. Ecological Economics, 70(1): 10–18.
Wang Z, Deng Y, Ge Z P et al., 2002. Theoretical Economic Geography. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
Weber C L, Matthews H S, 2007. Embodied environmental emissions in U.S. international trade: 1997–2004. Environmental Science & Technology, 41(14): 4875–4881.
Weber C L, Peters G P, Guan D et al., 2008. The contribution of Chinese exports to climate change. Energy Policy, 36(9): 3572–3577.
Weitzel M, Ma T, 2014. Emissions embodied in Chinese exports taking into account the special export structure of China. Energy Economics, 45(c): 45–52.
Xia Y, Fan Y, Yang C H, 2015. Assessing the impact of foreign content in China’s exports on the carbon outsourcing hypothesis. Applied Energy, 150: 296–307.
Yan, Y, Yang, L, 2010. China’s foreign trade and climate change: A case study of CO2 emissions. Energy Policy, 38(1): 350–356.
Zhang Y X, Zhao K, 2005. Interregional Input-output Analysis. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press (China). (in Chinese)
Zhang Y, 2012. Scale, technique and composition effects in trade-related carbon emissions in China. Environmental & Resource Economics, 51(3): 371–389.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41201129, No.41125005
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tang, Z., Liu, W. & Gong, P. The measurement of the spatial effects of Chinese regional carbon emissions caused by exports. J. Geogr. Sci. 25, 1328–1342 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-015-1237-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-015-1237-0