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The effect of diatom content on the physical, electrical, and mechanical properties of soils

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Abstract

Biological-formed fossilized diatom sediments have unique physical, electrical, and mechanical properties due to the shape, internal open porosity, and brittleness of the individual particles. The presence of diatoms strongly influences the overall behavior of soils. However, engineers and researchers find this influence challenging to quantify because measuring fossilized diatom content is elusive. This paper uses simple physical, electromagnetic, and mechanical engineering measurements to characterize the response of the artificial soils prepared with known amounts of fossilized diatoms under different pore-chemistry fluid and mechanical environments. Soils with high fossilized diatom content tend to retain high quantities of water even under high NaCl-concentration pore fluid. This response results from the internal porosity and is not a function of electrical forces on the particle surface. Furthermore, internal porosity governs electrical and mechanical properties under different pore fluid environments. Despite having elevated Liquid Limits, soils with high fossilized diatoms content do not deform while drying and changing pore fluid salt concentration. However, fossilized diatoms are brittle and offer high compressibility and low particle crushing stress (around 2–4 MPa). Our results show that simple physical and index tests can help assess the effect of fossilized diatoms’ in soils, and provide a framework to predict the engineering properties of natural soils containing a wide range of fossilized diatoms even when diatom content cannot be precisely measured.

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The datasets generated and analyzed during this current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The Wisconsin Highway Research Program partially supported Dr. Jeongki Lee’s studies. The authors also acknowledge the support provided by the Civil and Environmental Engineering departments at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the University of Tennessee-Knoxville.

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  1. Smart Infra-Structure Technology Institute, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea

    Jeongki Lee

  2. Geological Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    Dante Fratta

  3. Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

    Angelica M. Palomino

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  1. Jeongki Lee
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Lee, J., Fratta, D. & Palomino, A.M. The effect of diatom content on the physical, electrical, and mechanical properties of soils. Acta Geotech. 19, 2251–2271 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-023-02036-7

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