Abstract
The potential use of a hunchbacked retaining wall over a conventional retaining wall under the seismic passive state is emphasised in this study employing the method of stress characteristics coupled with the modified pseudo-dynamic approach. Unlike the available studies established with the limit equilibrium or the limit analysis method where a predefined failure mechanism is assumed prior to the analysis, the failure surface is continuously traced in due course of the present analysis. The seismic stability of a hunchbacked retaining wall under the passive condition is found to be affected greatly while considering the effect of damping of the soil-wall and the phase difference of the seismic waves. A detailed parametric study is conducted considering the influence of different soil and wall parameters such as soil-wall inertia, soil friction angle, wall inclination and roughness. The present results are obtained from a rigorous computational effort without assuming a failure mechanism and found to be in good agreement with the previous studies available in the literature.
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Abbreviations
- ah, av :
-
Horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations
- B, H :
-
Width and height of the wall
- DS, DW :
-
Constant damping ratio of the soil and the wall
- FN, FT :
-
Normal and tangential components of forces acting at the base of the wall
- FS S :
-
Factor of safety against sliding
- g :
-
Acceleration due to gravity
- H1, H2 :
-
Height of upper and lower part of the wall
- kh, kv :
-
Horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients
- Kpq1, Kpq2 :
-
Passive earth pressure coefficients for upper and lower part of the wall due to surcharge
- Kpγ1, Kpγ2 :
-
Passive earth pressure coefficients for upper and lower part of the wall due to unit weight of the soil
- Ppe1, Ppe2 :
-
Lateral thrusts acting on upper and lower part of the wall due to surcharge and unit weight of the soil
- Ppq1, Ppq2 :
-
Lateral thrusts acting on upper and lower part of the wall due to surcharge only
- q :
-
Uniformly distributed surcharge
- QHS, QVS :
-
Horizontal and vertical inertial forces in the backfill soil
- QHW, QVW :
-
Horizontal and vertical inertial forces in the wall
- t :
-
Time
- T :
-
Period of lateral shaking
- VpS, VsS :
-
Primary and shear wave velocities in the soil
- VpW, VsW :
-
Primary and shear wave velocities in the wall
- W S :
-
Weight of the backfill soil
- W W :
-
Weight of the wall
- x, y :
-
Axes in two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system
- α1, α2 :
-
Inclination angle for upper and lower part of the wall
- δ1, δ2 :
-
Wall roughness at upper and lower part of the wall
- ϕ :
-
Angle of internal friction of the soil
- γ, γc :
-
Unit weight of the soil and the wall material
- μ b :
-
Coefficient of base friction for the wall
- σ :
-
Distance on the Mohr stress diagram, between the centre of the Mohr circle and a point where the Coulomb’s linear failure envelope intersects the σ-axis
- θ :
-
Angle made by σ1 in a counter-clockwise sense with the positive x-axis
- θ g :
-
Magnitude of θ along the ground surface
- θ W1 , θ W2 :
-
Magnitude of θ along upper and lower part of the wall
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Santhoshkumar, G., Ghosh, P. Seismic stability analysis of a hunchbacked retaining wall under passive state using method of stress characteristics. Acta Geotech. 15, 2969–2982 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-01003-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-01003-w