Skip to main content
Log in

Enhanced fragility analysis of buried pipelines through Lasso regression

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Acta Geotechnica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Buried pipelines are one of the critical lifeline structures, and recently, efforts have been directed toward their probabilistic risk assessment. This paper explores the fragility analysis of buried pipelines due to permanent fault displacement. Although several studies have been carried out for the fragility analysis of buried pipelines, they are conditioned only on one significant input parameter. Unlike previous studies, the fragility curves presented in this paper are multi-dimensional, i.e., conditioned on all the significant input parameters. The fragility curves are generated using a machine learning technique called Lasso regression. This paper also explores the relative importance of various uncertain parameters on the fragility estimates. The fragility analysis results suggest that the fault displacement and fault–pipe crossing angle are the most important parameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abdoun TH, Ha D, O’Rourke MJ, Symans MD, O’Rourke TD, Palmer MC, Stewart HE (2009) Factors influencing the behavior of buried pipelines subjected to earthquake faulting. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 29(3):415–427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. ALA (2001) Guidelines for the design of buried steel pipe. A report by public-private partnership between American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) & Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), American Lifeline Alliance (ALA)

  3. ALA (2001) Seismic fragility formulations for water systems. A report by public-private partnership between American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) & Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), American Lifeline Alliance (ALA)

  4. ASCE (1984) Guidelines for the seismic design of oil and gas pipeline systems, American Society of Civil Engineers, Committee on Gas Liquid Fuel Lifelines

  5. Briaud J-L (2000) The national geotechnical experimentation sites at Texas A&M University: clay and sand. A summary. National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites. Geotech Spec Publ 93:26–51

    Google Scholar 

  6. Burnett AJ (2015) Investigation of full scale horizontal pipe-soil interaction and large strain behaviour of sand. Master thesis, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada

  7. Cheng Y, Akkar S (2017) Probabilistic permanent fault displacement hazard via Monte Carlo simulation and its consideration for the probabilistic risk assessment of buried continuous steel pipelines. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 46(4):605–620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Cocchetti G, di Prisco C, Galli A, Nova R (2009) Soil-pipeline interaction along unstable slopes: a coupled three-dimensional approach. Part 1: theoretical formulation. Can Geotech J 46(11):1289–1304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Dukes JD (2013) Application of bridge specific fragility analysis in the seismic design process of bridges in California. Ph.D. thesis, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA

  10. Duncan JM (2000) Factors of safety and reliability in geotechnical engineering. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 126(4):307–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) (2004) Multi-hazard loss estimation methodology—earthquake model: HAZUS MR4 technical manual. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  12. Glisic B, Yao Y (2012) Fiber optic method for health assessment of pipelines subjected to earthquake-induced ground movement. Struct Health Monit 11(6):696–711

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Gresnigt A (1986) Plastic design of buried steel pipelines in settlement areas. Heron 31(4):1–113

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ha D, Abdoun TH, O’Rourke MJ, Symans MD, O’Rourke TD, Palmer MC, Stewart HE (2008) Buried high-density polyethylene pipelines subjected to normal and strike-slip faulting—a centrifuge investigation. Can Geotech J 45(12):1733–1742

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Honegger DG, Nyman DJ (2004) PRCI guidelines for the seismic design and assessment of natural gas and liquid hydrocarbon pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Technical Toolboxes, Houston

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jeon JS, Mangalathu S, Song J, DesRoches R (2017) Parameterized seismic fragility curves for curved multi-frame concrete box-girder bridges using Bayesian parameter estimation. J Earthq Eng. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2017.1342291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Karamitros DK, Bouckovalas GD, Kouretzis GP, Gkesouli V (2011) An analytical method for strength verification of buried steel pipelines at normal fault crossings. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 31(11):1452–1464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Katayama T, Kubo K, Sato N (1975) Earthquake damage to water and gas distribution systems. U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, EERI, Oakland, pp 396–405

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kennedy RP, Chow AW, Williamson RA (1977) Fault movement effects on buried oil pipeline. J Transp Eng 103(5):617–633

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kim J, Nadukuru S, Pour-Ghaz M, Lynch J, Michalowski R, Bradshaw A, Green R, Weiss W (2012) Assessment of the behavior of buried concrete pipelines subjected to ground rupture: experimental study. J Pipeline Syst Eng Pract 3(1):8–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Klar A, Marshall AM (2008) Shell versus beam representation of pipes in the evaluation of tunneling effects on pipelines. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 23(4):431–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kouretzis GP, Karamitros DK, Sloan SW (2015) Analysis of buried pipelines subjected to ground surface settlement and heave. Can Geotech J 52(8):1058–1071

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Lanzano G, Salzano E, de Magistris FS, Fabbrocino G (2013) Seismic vulnerability of natural gas pipelines. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 117:73–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Lee DH, Kim BH, Jeong S-H, Jeon J-S, Lee T-H (2016) Seismic fragility analysis of a buried gas pipeline based on nonlinear time-history analysis. Int J Steel Struct 16(1):231–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Mangalathu S (2017) Performance based grouping and fragility analysis of box-girder bridges in California. Ph.D. Thesis, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA

  26. Mangalathu S, Jeon JS, DesRoches R (2018) Critical uncertainty parameters influencing seismic performance of bridges using lasso regression. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 47(3):784–801

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Mangalathu S, Jeon JS, Soleimani F, DesRoches R, Padgett JE, Jiang J (2015) Seismic vulnerability of multi-span bridges: an analytical perspective. In: 10th Pacific conference on earthquake engineering, Sydney, Australia

  28. Mokhtari M, Alavi Nia A (2015) The influence of using CFRP wraps on performance of buried steel pipelines under permanent ground deformations. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 73:29–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Newmark NM, Hall WJ (1975) Pipeline design to resist large fault displacement. In: U.S. national conference on earthquake engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, pp 416–425

  30. Ng CWW, Cai Q, Hu P (2012) Centrifuge and numerical modeling of normal fault-rupture propagation in clay with and without a preexisting fracture. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 138(12):1492–1502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Ni P, Mangalathu S (2018) Fragility analysis of gray iron pipelines subjected to tunneling induced ground settlement. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 76:133–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Ni P, Mangalathu S (2018) Simplified evaluation of pipe strains crossing a normal fault through the dissipated energy method. Eng Struct 167:393–406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Ni P, Mangalathu S, Yi Y (2018) Fragility analysis of continuous pipelines subject to transverse permanent ground deformation. Soils Found. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.08.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Ni P, Moore ID, Take WA (2014) The interaction of normal faults with pipelines: experimental observation and finite element modeling. In: Annual conference of the Canadian society for civil engineering 2014: sustainable municipalities, CSCE 2014, Halifax, NS

  35. Ni P, Moore ID, Take WA (2018) Distributed fibre optic sensing of strains on buried full-scale PVC pipelines crossing a normal fault. Géotechnique 68(1):1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Ni P, Moore ID, Take WA (2018) Numerical modeling of normal fault-pipeline interaction and comparison with centrifuge tests. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 105:127–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. O’Rourke MJ (2009) Analytical fragility relations for buried segmented pipe. In: Proceddings of the TCLEE 2009, lifeline earthquake engineering in a multihazard environment

  38. O’Rourke MJ, Ayala G (1993) Pipeline damage due to wave propagation. J Geotech Eng 119(9):1490–1498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. O’Rourke MJ, Filipov E, Uçkan E (2015) Towards robust fragility relations for buried segmented pipe in ground strain areas. Earthq Spectra 31(3):1839–1858

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. O’Rourke MJ, Liu X (2012) Seismic design of buried and offshore pipelines. Monograph MCEER-12-MN04, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA

  41. O’Rourke TD, Jung JK, Argyrou C (2016) Underground pipeline response to earthquake-induced ground deformation. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 91:272–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Popescu R, Deodatis G, Nobahar A (2005) Effects of random heterogeneity of soil properties on bearing capacity. Probab Eng Mech 20(4):324–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Rahman MA, Taniyama H (2015) Analysis of a buried pipeline subjected to fault displacement: a DEM and FEM study. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 71:49–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Rajeev P, Kodikara J (2011) Numerical analysis of an experimental pipe buried in swelling soil. Comput Geotech 38(7):897–904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Rojhani M, Moradi M, Galandarzadeh A, Takada S (2012) Centrifuge modeling of buried continuous pipelines subjected to reverse faulting. Can Geotech J 49(6):659–670

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Saiyar M, Ni P, Take WA, Moore ID (2016) Response of pipelines of differing flexural stiffness to normal faulting. Géotechnique 66(4):275–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Seo J, Linzell DG (2013) Use of response surface metamodels to generate system level fragilities for existing curved steel bridges. Eng Struct 52:642–653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Shi J, Wang Y, Chen Y (2018) A simplified method to estimate curvatures of continuous pipelines induced by normal fault movement. Can Geotech J 55(3):343–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Shokrabadi M, Banazadeh M, Shokrabadi M, Mellati A (2015) Assessment of seismic risks in code conforming reinforced concrete frames. Eng Struct 98:14–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Sim WW, Towhata I, Yamada S (2012) One-g shaking-table experiments on buried pipelines crossing a strike-slip fault. Geotechnique 62(12):1067–1079

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Tibshirani R (1996) Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso. J R Stat Soc 58(1):267–288

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  52. Trifonov OV, Cherniy VP (2010) A semi-analytical approach to a nonlinear stress strain analysis of buried steel pipelines crossing active faults. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 30(11):1298–1308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Uçkan E, Akbas B, Shen J, Rou W, Paolacci F, O’Rourke MJ (2015) A simplified analysis model for determining the seismic response of buried steel pipes at strike-slip fault crossings. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 75:55–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Vazouras P, Karamanos SA, Dakoulas P (2010) Finite element analysis of buried steel pipelines under strike-slip fault displacements. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 30(11):1361–1376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Wang B, Li X, Zhou J (2011) Strain analysis of buried steel pipelines across strike-slip faults. J Cent South Univ Technol 18(5):1654–1661

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Wang Y, Au S-K, Cao Z (2010) Bayesian approach for probabilistic characterization of sand friction angles. Eng Geol 114(3):354–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Wijewickreme D, Honegger DG, Mitchell A, Fitzell T (2005) Seismic vulnerability assessment and retrofit of a major natural gas pipeline system: a case history. Earthq Spectra 21(2):539–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Xie XJ, Symans MD, O’Rourke MJ, Abdoun TH, O’Rourke TD, Palmer MC, Stewart HE (2013) Numerical modeling of buried HDPE pipelines subjected to normal faulting: a case study. Earthq Spectra 29(2):609–632

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Zhou M, Wang F, Du Y-J, Liu MD (2018) Laboratory evaluation of buried high-density polyethylene pipes subjected to localized ground subsidence. Acta Geotech. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0698-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Zhou W (2012) Reliability of pressurised pipelines subjected to longitudinal ground movement. Struct Infrastruct Eng 8(12):1123–1135

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51608461), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2682016CX019), the open research fund of MOE Key Laboratory of High-speed Railway Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, and the State Key Laboratory for GeoMechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Grant No. SKLGDUEK1726).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sujith Mangalathu.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ni, P., Mangalathu, S. & Liu, K. Enhanced fragility analysis of buried pipelines through Lasso regression. Acta Geotech. 15, 471–487 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0719-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0719-5

Keywords

Navigation