Skip to main content

Applicability of CPT-based methods in predicting toe bearing capacities of driven piles in sand

Acta Geotechnica volume 11, pages 359–372 (2016)Cite this article

Abstract

This paper presents a study on applicability of predicting toe bearing capacities from cone penetration test (CPT) for PHC (pretensioned spun high-strength concrete) driven piles into deep sandy deposits in the Nakdong River deltaic area west of Busan City in South Korea. Using toe bearing capacities obtained from pile driving analyzer (PDA) tests as reference values, which were reliably calibrated by on-site O-cell tests, the applicability of the CPT-based methods was evaluated using a statistical rank index (RI). A total of 82 piezocone penetration test soundings and 190 PDA test piles were used for reliability analysis in this study. Three correction steps were applied to obtain reliable PDA and CPT data sets before ranking is carried out. The RI index is combined from four criteria: (1) the best-fit line, (2) the arithmetic mean and standard deviation, (3) the cumulative probabilities, and (4) the log-normal and histogram distributions. Based on these criteria the performance of some SPT-based methods in the literature is evaluated.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

References

  1. Abu-Farsash MY, Titi HH (2004) Assessment of direct cone penetration test methods for predicting the ultimate capacity of friction driven piles. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng ASCE 130(GT9):935–944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Aoki N, De Alencar D (1975) An approximate method to estimate the bearing capacity of piles. In: Proceedings of the 5th Pan-American conference of soil mechanics and foundation engineering, vol 1, Buenos Aires, pp 367–376

  3. ASTM D4945-00 (2000) Standard test method for high-strain dynamic testing of piles. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA

  4. ASTM D3441-98 (1998) Standard test method mechanical cone penetration tests of soil. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA

  5. ASTM D1143M-07 (2007) Standard test methods for deep foundations under static axial compressive load. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA

  6. Bloomquist D, McVay M, Hu ZH (2007) Updating Florida of transportation’s (FDOT) pile/shaft design procedures based on CPT and DPT data, UF project 00005780

  7. Bullock PJ (2013) O-Cell capacity determination for driven piles. In: Proceedings of the 2013 Louisiana transportation conference, February 17–20, paper no. S-17

  8. Bustamante M, Gianeselli L (1982) Pile bearing capacity prediction by means of static penetrometer CPT. In: Proceedings of the 2nd European symposium on penetration testing, vol 2. ESOPT-II, Amsterdam, pp 493–500

  9. Cai G, Liu S, Tong L, Du G (2009) Assessment of direct CPT and CPTu method for predicting the ultimate bearing capacity of single piles. Eng Geol 104(3–4):211–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Clisby MB, Scholtes RM, Corey MW, Cole HA, Teng P, Webb JD (1978) An evaluation of pile bearing capacities, vol I. Final report, Mississippi State Highway Department

  11. Davisson MT (1972) High capacity piles. In: Proceedings of the lecture series on innovations in foundation structures, ASCE Illinois Section, Chicago, pp 81–112

  12. Dung NT, Chung SG, Kim SR, Chung JG (2007) Comparative study between design methods and pile load tests for bearing capacity of driven PHC piles in the Nakdong River delta. J Korean Geotech Soc 23(3):61–75

    Google Scholar 

  13. Eslami A, Fellenius BH (1997) Pile capacity by direct CPT and CPTU methods applied to 102 case histories. Can Geotech J 36(6):886–904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hannigan PJ, Goble GG, Likins GE, Rausche F (2006) Design and construction of driven pile foundation, vol I. US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, publication no. FHWA NHI-05-042

  15. Jardine RJ, Chow FC, Overy RF, Standing JR (2005) ICP design methods for driven piles in sands and clays. Thomas Telford, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  16. Kim SR, Chung SG, Fellenius HB (2011) Distribution of residual load and tru shaft resistance for a driven instrumented test pile. Can Geotech J 48:583–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lee CH, An SW, Lee WJ (2014) Real-time monitoring of SPT donut hammer motion and SPT energy transfer ratio using digital line-scan camera and pile driving analyzer. Acta Geotech 9:959–968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lehane BM, Schneider JA, Xu X (2005) CPT based design of driven piles in sand for offshore structures. UWA report, GEO: 05345, University of Western Australia

  19. Likins GE, Rausche F (2004) Correlation of CAPWAP with static load test. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on the application of stressware theory to piles, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, pp 153–165

  20. Loadtest project profiles: http://www.loadtest.co.uk/projects/projects.htm (Accessed 21 Jan 2014)

  21. Long JH, Wysocker MH (1999) Accuracy of methods for predicting axial capacity of deep foundations. In: Proceedings of the conference on analysis, design, construction, and testing of deep foundation (OTRC 99), GSP no. 88, ASCE, Reston, VA, pp 190–195

  22. Mayne PW (2007) Cone penetration testing. National Cooperative highway research program, NCHRP synthesis no. 386

  23. Mascarucci Y, Miliziano S, Mandolini A (2014) A numerical approach to estimate shaft friction of bored piles in sands. Acta Geotech 9:547–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Meyerhof GG (1956) Penetration tests and bearing capacity of cohesionless soils. J Soil Mech Found Eng Div ASCE 82(SM1):1–12

    Google Scholar 

  25. Philipponnat G (1980) Methode prtique de calcul d’un pieuisole a l’aide du penetrometre statique. Rev Fr Geotech 10:55–64

    Google Scholar 

  26. Prince G, Wardle IF (1982) A comparison between cone penetration test results and the performance of small diameter instrumented piles in stiff clay. In: Proceedings of the 2nd European symposium on penetration testing, vol 2, Amsterdam, pp 775–780

  27. Rausche F, Robinson B, Likins G (2004) On the prediction of long term pile capacity from end-of-driving information. Geotechnical special publication, no. 125. ASCE, pp 77–95

  28. Schmertmann JH (1978) Guidelines for cone penetration test, performance and design. Report no. FHWA-TS-78-209, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC

  29. Schneider JA, Xu X, Lehane MB (2008) Database Assessment of CPT-based design methods for axial capacity of driven piles in siliceous sands. J Geotech Eng ASCE 134(GT9):1227–1244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Singh VK, Chung SG (2013) Shear strength evaluation of lower sand in Nakdong River delta. Mar Georesour Geotechnol 31(2):107–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Thiyyakkandi S, McVay M, Bloomquist D, Lai P (2014) Experimental study, numerical modeling of and axial prediction approach to base grouted drilled shafts in cohesionless soils. Acta Geotech 9:439–454

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Zhou J, Xie Y, Zuo ZS, Luo MY, Tang XJ (1982) Prediction of limit load of driven pile by CPT. In: Proceedings of the 2nd European symposium on penetration testing, vol 2, Amsterdam, pp 957–961

Download references

Acknowledgments

The research presented in this paper was conducted with funding from the project entitled “Development of Control System for Disaster of Urban Underground Collapse” at Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology. The authors acknowledge the financial support from the institution.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Engineering Department, Dong-A University, 840 Hadan2-dong, Saha-gu, Pusan, 604-714, Korea

    Le Chi Hung, Tien Dung Nguyen & Sung-Ryul Kim

  2. Geotechnical Engineering Research Institute, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyangdae-Ro, Ilsanseo-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 411-712, Korea

    Ju-Hyung Lee

Authors
  1. Le Chi Hung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tien Dung Nguyen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ju-Hyung Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sung-Ryul Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sung-Ryul Kim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hung, L.C., Nguyen, T.D., Lee, JH. et al. Applicability of CPT-based methods in predicting toe bearing capacities of driven piles in sand. Acta Geotech. 11, 359–372 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-015-0398-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-015-0398-4

Keywords

  • Cone penetration test
  • Driven piles
  • Pile driving analyzer
  • Statistical analysis
  • Toe bearing capacity