Skip to main content
Log in

Cyclopenta-fused perylene: a new soluble, stable and functionalizable rylene building block

  • Article
  • Chemistry
  • Published:
Science Bulletin

Abstract

We report a facile synthesis of a [1,12-b,c,d]cyclopenta-fused perylene 5 from the parent perylene via a formylation-oxidative esterification–nucleophilic addition-followed-by-Friedel–Crafts alkylation strategy. Compared with the perylene, dye 5 exhibits much higher solubility, smaller energy gap, and can undergo regio-selective bromination at the peri-positions. Compared with the N-annulated perylene 8, compound 5 shows lower HOMO energy level and is more stable in air. Therefore, 5 can be regarded a new versatile building block for the development of high-order soluble and stable rylenes and various perylene-based functional materials.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Herrmann A, Müllen K (2006) From industrial colorants to single photon sources and biolabels: the fascination and function of rylene dyes. Chem Lett 35:978–985

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Chen L, Li C, Müllen K (2014) Beyond perylene diimides: synthesis, assembly and function of higher rylene chromophores. J Mater Chem C 2:1938–1956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Jiang W, Qian H, Li Y et al (2008) Heteroatom-annulated perylenes: practical synthesis, photophysical properties, and solid-state packing arrangement. J Org Chem C 73:7369–7372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Looker JJ (1972) Mononitration of perylene. Preparation and structure proof of the 1 and 3 isomers. J Org Chem 37:3379–3381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Sun YM, Tan L, Jiang SD et al (2007) High-performance transistor based on individual single-crystalline micrometer wire of perylo[1,12-b,c,d]thiophene. J Am Chem Soc 129:1882–1883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Luo J, Xu M, Li R et al (2014) N-Annulated perylene as an efficient electron donor for porphyrin-based dyes: enhanced light-harvesting ability and high-efficiency Co(II/III)-based dye-sensitized solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 136:265–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Yao Z, Yan C, Zhang M et al (2014) N-Annulated perylene as a coplanar π-linker alternative to benzene as a low energy-gap, metal-free dye in sensitized solar cells. Adv Energy Mater 4:1400244

    Google Scholar 

  8. Qi QB, Wang XZ, Fan L et al (2015) N-Annulated perylene-based push–pull type sensitizers. Org Lett 17:724–727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Li Y, Wang Z (2009) Bis-N-annulated quaterrylene: an approach to processable graphene nanoribbons. Org Lett 11:1385–1388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Jiao C, Huang KW, Luo J et al (2009) Bis-N-annulated quaterrylenebis(dicarboximide) as a new soluble and stable near-infrared dye. Org Lett 11:4508–4511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Li Y, Gao J, Motta SD et al (2010) Tri-N-annulated hexarylene: an approach to well-defined graphene nanoribbons with large dipoles. J Am Chem Soc 132:4208–4213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Jiao C, Huang KW, Guan Z et al (2010) N-Annulated perylene fused porphyrins with enhanced near-IR absorption and emission. Org Lett 12:4046–4049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Jiao C, Huang KW, Wu J (2011) Perylene-fused BODIPY dye with near-IR absorption/emission and high photostability. Org Lett 13:632–635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Luo J, Lee S, Son M et al (2015) N-Annulated perylene-substituted and fused porphyrin dimers with intense near-infrared one-photon and two-photon absorption. Chem Eur J 21:3708–3715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Zeng Z, Ishida M, Zafra JL et al (2013) Pushing extended p-quinodimethanes to the limit: stable tetracyano-oligo(N-annulated perylene)quinodimethanes with tunable ground states. J Am Chem Soc 135:6363–6371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zeng Z, Lee S, Zafra JL et al (2013) Tetracyanoquaterrylene and tetracyanohexarylene quinodimethanes with tunable ground states and strong near-infrared absorption. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:8561–8565

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Zeng Z, Lee S, Zafra JL et al (2014) Turning on the biradical state of tetracyanoperylene and quaterrylenequinodimethanes by incorporation of additional thiophene rings. Chem Sci 5:3072–3080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Das S, Lee S, Son M et al (2014) para-Quinodimethane-bridged perylene dimers and pericondensed quaterrylenes: the effect of the fusion mode on the ground states and physical properties. Chem Eur J 20:11410–11420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Bair KW, Andrews CW, Tuttle RL et al (1991) 2-[(Arylmethyl)amino]-2-methyl-l,3-propanediol DNA intercalators. An examination of the effects of aromatic ring variation on antitumor activity and DNA binding. J Med Chem 34:1983–1990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Delany EG, Fagan CL, Gundala S et al (2013) NHC-catalysed aerobic aldehyde-esterifications with alcohols: no additives or cocatalysts required. Chem Commun 49:6510–6512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhao GJ, Han KL (2009) Excited state electronic structures and photochemistry of heterocyclic annulated perylene (HAP) materials tuned by heteroatoms: S, Se, N, O, C, Si, and B. J Phys Chem A 113:4788–4794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Berlman IB (1965) Handbook of fluorescence spectra of aromatic molecules. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by MOE Tier 2 Grant (MOE2011-T2-2-130), A*STAR-DST joint Grant (IMRE/14-2C0239) and A*STAR JCO Grant (1431AFG100).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jishan Wu.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 1037 kb)

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zeng, W., Qi, Q. & Wu, J. Cyclopenta-fused perylene: a new soluble, stable and functionalizable rylene building block. Sci. Bull. 60, 1266–1271 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-015-0839-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-015-0839-3

Keywords

Navigation