Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) film was electrochemically reduced by a cyclic voltammetry technique in 6 mol L−1 KOH aqueous solution. Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ER-GO) film was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The oxygen content (with the O/C atomic ratio of 1.29%) was significantly decreased after electrochemical reduction. The ER-GO film exhibited a specific capacitance of 152 F g−1 at the current density of 5 A g−1 and a good rate capability. Furthermore, the ER-GO film showed an excellent cycling ability. The capacitance retention remained 99% after 3000 cycles at the current density of 10 A g−1.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Geim A K. Graphene: Status and prospects. Science, 2009, 324: 1530–1534
Zhu Y W, Murali S, Cai W W, et al. Graphene and graphene oxide: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Adv Mater, 2010, 22: 3906–3924
Novoselov K S, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, et al. Room-temperature quantum hall effect in graphene. Science, 2007, 315: 1379
Feng X M, Li R M, Ma Y W, et al. One-step electrochemical synthesis of graphene/polyaniline composite film and its applications. Adv Funct Mater, 2011, 21: 2989–2996
Zhang Q O, He Y Q, Chen X G, et al. Structure and photocatalytic properties of TiO2-graphene oxide intercalated composite. Chin Sci Bull, 2011, 56: 331–339
Zhang D, Zhang X, Chen Y, et al. Enhanced capacitance and rate capability of graphene/polypyrrole composite as electrode material for supercapacitors. J Power Sources, 2011, 196: 5990–5996
Zhang X, Sun X, Chen Y, et al. One-step solvothermal synthesis of graphene/Mn3O4 nanocomposites and their electrochemical properties for supercapacitors. Mater Lett, 2012, 68: 336–339
Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhang D, et al. One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of ruthenium oxide nanodots on reduced graphene oxide sheets for supercapacitors. J Alloys Compd, 2012, 511: 251–256
Tian L L, Zhuang Q C, Li J, et al. Mechanism of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions in graphene nanosheets. Chin Sci Bull, 2011, 56: 3204–3212
Liu H M, Yang W S. Ultralong single crystalline V2O5 nanowire/graphene composite fabricated by a facile green approach and its lithium storage behavior. Energy Environ Sci, 2011, 4: 4000–4008
Stoller M D, Park S, Zhu Y, et al. Graphene-based ultracapacitors. Nano Lett, 2008, 8: 3498–3502
Zhang L L, Zhou R, Zhao X S. Graphene-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes. J Mater Chem, 2010, 20: 5983–5992
Miller J R, Outlaw R A, Holloway B C. Graphene double-layer capacitor with ac line-filtering performance. Science, 2010, 329: 1637–1639
Zhu Y W, Murali S, Stoller M D, et al. Carbon-based supercapacitors produced by activation of graphene. Science, 2011, 332: 1537–1541
Wang H W, Wu H Y, Chang Y Q, et al. Tert-butylhydroquinone-decorated graphene nanosheets and their enhanced capacitive behaviors. Chin Sci Bull, 2011, 56: 2092–2097
Du X, Guo P, Song H, et al. Graphene nanosheets as electrode material for electric double-layer capacitors. Electrochim Acta, 2010, 55: 4812–4819
Chen Y, Zhang X, Yu P, et al. Electrophoretic deposition of graphene nanosheets on nickel foams for electrochemical capacitors. J Power Sources, 2010, 195: 3031–3035
Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhang D, et al. High performance supercapacitors based on reduced graphene oxide in aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes. Carbon, 2011, 49: 573–580
Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhang D, et al. High power density of graphene-based supercapacitors in ionic liquid electrolytes. Mater Lett, 2012, 68: 475–477
Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 2004, 306: 666–669
Berger C, Song Z M, Li X B, et al. Electronic confinement and coherence in patterned epitaxial graphene. Science, 2006, 312: 1191–1196
Mattevi C, Kim H, Chhowalla M. A review of chemical vapour deposition of graphene on copper. J Mater Chem, 2011, 21: 3324–3334
Lv W, Tang D M, He Y B, et al. Low-temperature exfoliated graphenes: Vacuum-promoted exfoliation and electrochemical energy storage. ACS Nano, 2009, 3: 3730–3736
Stankovich S, Dikin D A, Piner R D, et al. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon, 2007, 45: 1558–1565
Li D, Muller M B, Gilje S, et al. Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets. Nat Nanotechnol, 2008, 3: 101–105
Park S, Ruoff R S. Chemical methods for the production of graphenes. Nat Nanotechnol, 2009, 4: 217–224
Kotov N A, Dekany I, Fendler J H. Ultrathin graphite oxide-polyelectrolyte composites prepared by self-assembly: Transition between conductive and non-conductive states. Adv Mater, 1996, 8: 637–641
Wang Z, Zhou X, Zhang J, et al. Direct electrochemical reduction of single-layer graphene oxide and subsequent functionalization with glucose oxidase. J Phys Chem C, 2009, 113: 14071–14075
Hilder M, Winther-Jensen B, Li D, et al. Direct electro-deposition of graphene from aqueous suspensions. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2011, 13: 9187–9193
Zhou M, Wang Y L, Zhai Y M, et al. Controlled synthesis of large-area and patterned electrochemically reduced graphene oxide films. Chem Eur J, 2009, 15: 6116–6120
Shao Y Y, Wang J, Engelhard M, et al. Facile and controllable electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide and its applications. J Mater Chem, 2010, 20: 743–748
Peng X Y, Liu X X, Diamond D, et al. Synthesis of electrochemically-reduced graphene oxide film with controllable size and thickness and its use in supercapacitor. Carbon, 2011, 49: 3488–3496
Guo H L, Wang X F, Qian Q Y, et al. A green approach to the synthesis of graphene nanosheets. ACS Nano, 2009, 3: 2653–2659
Ramesha G K, Sampath S. Electrochemical reduction of oriented graphene oxide films: An in situ Raman spectroelectrochemical study. J Phys Chem C, 2009, 113: 7985–7989
Liu S, Ou J F, Wang J Q, et al. A simple two-step electrochemical synthesis of graphene sheets film on the ITO electrode as supercapacitors. J Appl Electrochem, 2011, 41: 881–884
Harima Y, Setodoi S, Imae I, et al. Electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide in organic solvents. Electrochim Acta, 2011, 56: 5363–5368
Fan X B, Peng W C, Li Y, et al. Deoxygenation of exfoliated graphite oxide under alkaline conditions: A green route to graphene preparation. Adv Mater, 2008, 20: 4490–4493
Chen Y, Zhang X, Yu P, et al. Stable dispersions of graphene and highly conducting graphene films: A new approach to creating colloids of graphene monolayers. Chem Commun, 2009, 4527-4529
Frackowiak E, Metenier K, Bertagna V, et al. Supercapacitor electrodes from multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett, 2000, 77: 2421–2423
Bao Q L, Bao S J, Li C M, et al. Supercapacitance of solid carbon nanofibers made from ethanol flames. J Phys Chem C, 2008, 112: 3612–3618
Xu B, Yue S F, Sui Z Y, et al. What is the choice for supercapacitors: Graphene or graphene oxide? Energy Environ Sci, 2011, 4: 2826–2830
Uhm S, Tuyen N H, Lee J. Controlling oxygen functional species of graphene oxide for an electro-oxidation of L-ascorbic acid. Electrochem Commun, 2011, 13: 677–680
McAllister M J, Li J L, Adamson D H, et al. Single sheet functionalized graphene by oxidation and thermal expansion of graphite. Chem Mater, 2007, 19: 4396–4404
Wang F, Arai S, Endo M. Electrochemical preparation and characterization of nickel/ultra-dispersed PTFE composite films from aqueous solution. Mater Trans, 2004, 45: 1311–1316
Han Y Q, Ding B, Zhang X G. Effect of feeding ratios on the structure and electrochemical performance of graphite oxide/polypyrrole nanocomposites. Chin Sci Bull, 2011, 56: 2846–2852
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Rights and permissions
This article is published under an open access license. Please check the 'Copyright Information' section either on this page or in the PDF for details of this license and what re-use is permitted. If your intended use exceeds what is permitted by the license or if you are unable to locate the licence and re-use information, please contact the Rights and Permissions team.
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, X., Zhang, D., Chen, Y. et al. Electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide films: Preparation, characterization and their electrochemical properties. Chin. Sci. Bull. 57, 3045–3050 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5256-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5256-2