Abstract
Cold fronts occur in northern East Asia during winter and spring. After cold frontal passage, airflow is downward and accompanying strong winds fluctuate significantly; this is termed wind gusts. Analysis of observation data shows that wind gust structure has coherent characteristics. This is important for entrainment of spring dust storms into the upper boundary layer, where they are transported great distances. The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is a computational fluid technique based on the Boltzmann transport equation. The LBM has been used to study complex motion such as turbulence, because it describes motion at the micro level. In this paper, Large eddy simulation is introduced in the LBM, enabling simulation of turbulent flow in the atmospheric boundary layer. The formation and development of wind gusts are simulated, and a coherent structure with a combination of wave and vortex is obtained. This explains the mechanism of soil erosion and sand entrainment by the coherent structure of wind gusts.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Hu Y Q, Mitsuta Y. Development of the strong dust storm and dry squall line—A mechanism analysis on generating black storm (in Chinese). Plateau Meteorol, 1996, 15: 178–185
Chen H W, Wang X, Ma Y. Effects of strong winds on sandstorms in Xinjiang (in Chinese). Acta Sci Nat Univ Pekinensis, 2003, 39: 187–193
Hu Z Y, Huang R H, Wei G A, et al. Variations of surface atmospheric variables and energy budget during a sandstorm passing Dunhuang on June 6 of 2000 (in Chinese). Chin J Atmos Sci, 2002, 26: 1–8
Ren Z H, Gao Q X, Su F Q, et al. The regional characteristics of the atmospheric environment and the impact of dust-storm in Beijing (in Chinese). Eng Sci, 2003, 5: 49–56
Zhou X J, Xu X D, Yan P, et al. The dynamic character of spring sandstorm in 2000 (in Chinese). Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci, 2002, 32: 327–334
Wang S F. Analysis of wind field at the bottom boundary layer during a wind gust front process (in Chinese). J Acad Meteorol Sci, 1989, 4: 96
Cheng X L, Quan L H, Hu F, et al. The fractal and chaotic characteristic of gustwind (in Chinese). Clim Environ Res, 2007, 12: 256–266
Zheng X J, Zhang J H. Characteristics of near-surface turbulence during a dust storm passing Minqin on March 19, 2010. Chin Sci Bull, 2010, 55: 3107–3112
Zhao L N, Sun J H, Zhao S X. Numerical simulation of dust emission in North China (in Chinese). Clim Environ Res, 2002, 7: 279–294
Sun J H, Zhao L N, Zhao S X. All integrated numerical modeling system of dust storm suitable to North China and its applications (in Chinese). Clim Environ Res, 2003, 8: 125–142
Fang Z Y, Zhu F K, Jiang J X, et al. Study of China Sand Storm. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1997
Li G C, Guo W H, Wang L R, et al. Application of gust front to damage wind forecasting (in Chinese). Meteorol Monthly, 2006, 32: 36–41
Brasseur O. Development and application of a physical approach to estimating wind Gusts. Monthly Weather Rev, 2001, 129: 5–25
Agustsson H, Olafsson H. Forecasting wind gusts in Iceland. Geophys Res Abst, 2006, 8: 08959
Barth S, Bottcher F, Peinke J. Wind gusts and small-scale intermittency in atmospheric flows. Proc Appl Math Mech, 2005, 5: 561–562
Wang L, Karrem A. Description and simulation of gust front wind field. J Wind Eng, 2006, 108: 477–480
Zhang Y C, Yao M W, Wang M S, et al. Gust simulation (in Chinese). The Ocean Eng, 1996, 14: 20–27
Proppe C, Wetzel C. Overturning probability of railway vehicles under wind gust loads. Iutam Symposium on Dynamics and Control of Nonlinear Systems with Uncertainty, Nanjing, China. 2006
Choi E C C. Numerical modeling of gust effect on wind-driven rain. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn, 1997, 72: 107–116
Li X D, Lin D K. Numerical simulation of gust—Cascade interaction noise (in Chinese). J Aerospace Power, 2006, 21: 94–99
Zhan H, Qian W A. Numerical simulation of gust response for thin airfoil (in Chinese). Acta Aeronaut Astronaut Sin, 2007, 28: 528–530
Jin Q P. Gust simulating technique in environmental wind tunnel (in Chinese). Res Environ Sci, 1995, 8: 43–47
Zhang H Y, Li F W, Wang Y. Active control of dynamic wind speed in environmental wind tunnel (in Chinese). Environ Eng, 2005, 23: 86–87
Zeng Q C, Dong C H, Peng G B, et al. Gigantic Yellow Cloud—The Dust Storm in Eastern Asia. Beijing: Science Press, 2006
Zeng Q C, Cheng X L, Hu F. The mechanism of soil erosion and dust emission under the action of nonsteady strong wind with descending motion and gust wind (in Chinese). Clim Environ Res, 2007, 12: 244–250
Zeng Q C, Hu F, Cheng X L. The mechanism of dust entrainment by gustwind (in Chinese). Clim Environ Res, 2007, 12: 251–255
Cheng X L, Zeng Q C, Hu F, et al. Gustness and coherent structure of strong wind in the atmospheric boundary layer (in Chinese). Clim Environ Res, 2007, 12: 227–243
Zeng Q C, Cheng X L, Hu F, et al. Gustiness and coherent structure of strong wind and their role in the dust emission and entrainment. Adv Atmos Sci, 2010, 27: 1–13
Zhao D S, Wang L Z, Hong Z X. Analysis on the structure of gust in boundary layer when a cold front passing (in Chinese). Chin J Atmos Sci, 1982, 6: 324–332
Liu X H, Hong Z X. A study of the structure of a strong wind event in the atmospheric boundary layer in Belting area (in Chinese). Chin J Atmos Sci, 1996, 20: 223–228
Li Q, Liu H Z, Hu F, et al. Characteristic of the urban boundary layer under strong wind condition in Beijing city (in Chinese). J Grad Univ Chin Acad Sci, 2004, 20: 40–44
Nicholls M, Pielke R, Meroney R. Large eddy simulation of microburst winds flowing around a building. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn, 1993, 46–47: 229–237
Zhu P. High resolution WRF simulation of landfall hurricane boundary layer winds and turbulent structures. The 8’th WRF Users’ Workshop, Colorado, USA. 2007
Cheng X L, Hu F, Zhao S N, et al. The application of lattice Boltzmann Method in the atmospheric turbulence study (in Chinese). Adv Earth Sci, 2007, 22: 249–260
Benzi R, Succi S. Two-dimensional turbulence with the lattice Boltzmann equation. J Phys A, 1990, 23: L1–L5
Succi S, Benzi R, Higuera F. The lattice Boltzmann equation: A new tool for computational fluid-dynamics. Physica D, 1991, 47: 219–230
Benzi R, Succi S, Vergassola M. The lattice Boltzmann equation: Theory and applications. Phys Rep, 1992, 222: 145–197
Martinez D, Matthaeus W, Chen S. Comparison of spectral method and lattice Boltzmann simulations of two-dimensional hydrodynamics. Phys Fluids, 1994, 6: 1285–1298
Chen S Y, Doolen G D. Lattice Boltzmann Method for fluid flows. Ann Rev Fluid Mech, 1998, 30: 329–364
Yu H, Girimaji S, Luo L. Lattice Boltzmann simulations of decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Phys Rev E, 2005, 71: 016708
Bhatnager P, Gross E P, Krook M K. A model for collision process in gases. Phys Rev, 1954, 94: 511
Higuera F, Jimenez J, Succi S. Lattice gas dynamics with enhanced collision. Europhys Lett, 1989, 9: 345
Higuera F, Jimenez J, Succi S. Boltzmann approach to lattice gas simulations. Europhys Lett, 1989, 9: 663
Qian Y H, Humieres D, Lallemand P. Lattice BGK models for Navier-Stokes equation. Europhys Lett, 1992, 17: 470–484
Hou S, Sterling J, Chen S, et al. A lattice Boltzmann sub-grid model for high Reynolds number flows. Fields Inst Comm, 1996, 6: 151
Treeck C, Krafczyk M, Kühner S, et al. Direct building energy simulation based on large eddy techniques and Lattice Boltzmann Methods. In: Proc VII Int IBPSA Conf, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2001. 13–15
Eggels J. Direct and large-eddy simulation of turbulent fluid flow using the Lattice-Boltzmann Scheme. Int J Heat Fluid Flow, 1996, 17: 307–323
Yu H D, Girimaji S. Near-field turbulent simulations of rectangular jets using Lattice Boltzmann Method. Phys Fluid, 2005, 17: 125106
He X Y, Luo L S. Lattice Boltzmann Model for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation. J Stat Phys, 1997, 88: 927–944
Hou S, Zou Q, Chen S, et al. Simulation of cavity flow by the lattice Boltzmann method. J Comput Phys, 1995, 118: 329–347
Ghia U, Ghia K N, Shin C T. High-Re solutions for incompressible flow using the Navier-Stokes equations and a multigrid method. J Comput Phys, 1982, 48: 387
Cheng X L, Zeng Q C, Hu F. Characteristics of gusty wind disturbances and turbulent fluctuations in windy atmospheric boundary layer behind cold fronts. J Geophys Res, 2011, 116: D06101
Succi S. The Lattice Boltzmann Equation for Fluid Dynamics and Beyond. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001. 287
Jonas L, Chopard B. Straight velocity boundaries in the lattice Boltzmann method. Phys Rev E, 2008, 77: 056703
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Rights and permissions
This article is published under an open access license. Please check the 'Copyright Information' section either on this page or in the PDF for details of this license and what re-use is permitted. If your intended use exceeds what is permitted by the license or if you are unable to locate the licence and re-use information, please contact the Rights and Permissions team.
About this article
Cite this article
Cheng, X., Hu, F. & Zeng, Q. Simulation of wind gust structure in the atmospheric boundary layer with Lattice Boltzmann Method. Chin. Sci. Bull. 57, 1196–1203 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-011-4950-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-011-4950-9