Abstract
Starting from the uniform disk current model, an analytical solution for the electromagnetic pulse axial energy radiation is derived and a physical meaning then given to the axial energy propagation characteristics of a unit antenna. From this solution, a point-source approximation model in the time domain is introduced. Parameters such as the energy propagation characteristics and beamwidth of the electromagnetic pulse beam radiating from arrayed antenna are analyzed theoretically. An arrayed transient electromagnetic pulse generator is developed incorporating a 23×16 ultra-wideband tapered slot antenna integrated with a Blumlein formation line and photoconductive semiconductor switch. Experiments performed over a 2.5 km range confirm that the arrayed transient electromagnetic pulse can propagate in free space with the specified waveform. Moreover, the field components can be superposed in phase, and the radiation beam can be focused into a single pulse. Results from calculations are in agreement with experimental results within the measurement uncertainties.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Rao S M. Time Domain Electromagnetics. San Diego: Academic Press, 1999
Nicolson A M, Bennett C L, Lamensdorf D, et al. Applications of time-domain metrology to the automation of broad-band microwave measurements. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech, 1972, 20: 3–9
Auston D H. Picosecond optoelectronic switching and gating in silicon. Appl Phys Lett, 1975, 26: 101–103
Yang H C, Ruan C L, Zhang K D, et al. Saturation parameters research on linear GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch. Chinese Sci Bull, 2008, 53: 1516–1522
Liu H, Ruan C L. Streamer model in intrinsic GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch. Chinese Sci Bull, 2008, 53: 2181–2185
Wu M H, Zheng X M, Ruan C L, et al. Photoresistances of semi-insulating GaAs photoconductive switch illuminated by 1.064 μm laser pulse. J Appl Phys, 2009, 106: 023101
Suen J Y, Li W, Taylor Z D, et al. Characterization and modeling of a terahertz photoconductive switch. Appl Phys Lett, 2010, 96: 141103
Sun Y Q, Yang H C, Wu M H, et al. Voltage conversion ratio of photoconductive semiconductor switch in microstrip test circuit. High Power Laser Particle Beams, 2010, 22: 2378–2382
Doğan S, Teke A, Huang D, et al. 4H-SiC photoconductive switching devices for use in high-power applications. Appl Phys Lett, 2003, 82: 3107–3109
Allen O E, Hill D A, Ondrejka A R. Time-domain antenna characterizations. IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat, 1993, 35: 339–346
Shlivinski A, Heyman E, Kastner R. Antenna characterization in the time domain. IEEE Trans Antenna Propagat, 1997, 45: 1140–1149
Brittingham J N. Focus wave modes in homogeneous Maxwell’s equations: Transverse electric mode. J Appl Phys, 1983, 54: 1179–1189
Wu T T. Electromagnetic missiles. J Appl phys, 1985, 57: 2370–2373
Wang G, Wang W B, Liang C H. Beam characteristics of short-pulse radiation with electromagnetic missile effect. J Appl Phys, 1998, 83: 5040–5044
Shen H M. Electromagnetic missiles from a nonuniform aperture field. Proc SPIE, 1990, 1226: 278–289
Louberiel G M, Aurand J F, Dension G J, et al. Optically-activated GaAs switches for ground penetrating radar and firing set applications. In: 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, 1999 June 27–30, Monterey, CA. 1999. 673–676
Islam N E, Schamiloglu E, Fleddermann C B. Characterization of a semi-insulating GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch for ultra-wideband high power microwave applications. Appl Phys Lett, 1998, 73: 1998–1990
Krokel D, Grischkowsky D, Ketchen M B. Sub-picosecond electrical pulse generation using photoconductive switches with long carrier lifetimes. Appl Phys Lett, 1989, 54: 1046–1047
David M, Michael D U, Ronald M G, et al. Conductive versus capacitive coupling for cell electroporation with nanosecond pulses. J Appl Phys, 2009, 106: 074701
Chalise P R, Perni S, Shama G, et al. Lethality mechanisms in Escherichia coli induced by intense sub-microsecond electrical pulses. Appl Phys Lett, 2006, 89: 153902
Yang H C, Ruan C L, Lin W T. Beam scanning and decaying property of linear element planar antenna array. Chin J Radio Sci, 2003, 18: 496–501
Yang H C, Ruan C L, Lin W T. The study of axial energy decaying property influenced by pulse waveform. J Electron Infor Tech, 2003, 25: 1430–1435
Yang H C, Cui H J, Sun Y Q, et al. High power, longevity gallium arsenide photoconductive semiconductor switches. Chinese Sci Bull, 2010, 55: 1331–1337
Sun Y Q, Yang H C. Physical essence of energy transmission characteristics of transient electromagnetic pulse. Chin J Radio Sci, 2010, 25: 323–329
Wu M H, Ruan C L, Yang H C. High-power radiation system with PCSS acting as the photoconductive switch and a scanning-back charging transformer. High Volt Eng, 2007, 33: 143–145
Zeng G, Yang X L, Yang H C. Design of full digital time-lapse trigger. Exper Sci Technol, 2008, 6: 3–4
Ruan C, Zhao W, Liu B, et al. Laser distribution by optical fiber bundle in the ultra-wideband antenna array. Opt Eng, 2008, 47: 1–6
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Rights and permissions
This article is published under an open access license. Please check the 'Copyright Information' section either on this page or in the PDF for details of this license and what re-use is permitted. If your intended use exceeds what is permitted by the license or if you are unable to locate the licence and re-use information, please contact the Rights and Permissions team.
About this article
Cite this article
Cui, H., Yang, H., Ruan, C. et al. Propagation characteristics of arrayed transient electromagnetic pulses. Chin. Sci. Bull. 56, 1957–1964 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-011-4457-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-011-4457-4