Skip to main content
Log in

The presence of phosphorylation form of D1 protein in its cross-linked aggregates in high light treated spinach leaves in vivo

  • Articles
  • Published:
Chinese Science Bulletin

Abstract

In the present study, using specific antibody against D1 protein, we detected four aggregates of D1 protein in thylakoid membranes from spinach leaves illuminated at high light (800–2500 μmol photons·m−2·s−1) for 3 h. Their accumulations were dependent on the light intensity to which the leaves had been subjected. Further immunoblot analysis indicated that 70 kD aggregate was a product of D1 protein cross-linked with CP43, 65 and 60 kD aggregate were two cross-linked products between D1 and D2 proteins, and 41 kD aggregate was one cross-linked D1 with α-subunit of cytochrome b 559 (Cyt b 559). This result provided the evidence for the existence of the aggregation of the D1 protein in vivo. The maximal level of D1/Cyt b 559 aggregate occurred at 1000 μmol photons·m−2·s−1 but drastically decreased with further increasing light intensity. Immunoblot analysis with phosphothreonine (Thr (P)) antibody indicated that D1/CP43 and D1/Cyt b 559 aggregates contained the phosphorylated protein(s). In vitro dephosphorylation experiment also showed that D1/Cyt b 559 and D1/CP43 aggregates lost the immunoreactivity with Thr (P) antibody after the phosphatase treatment of the membranes from high-light-illuminated leaves. Our results demonstrated that strong illumination of spinach leaves induced cross-linked products of D1 protein with its nearby polypeptides of PS, some of which co.n-tained the phosphorylated D1 protein.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Barber, J., Nield, J., Morris, E. P. et al., The structure, function and dynamics of photosystem two, Physiol. Plant, 1997, 100(4): 817–827.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Aro, E. M., Virgin, I., Andersson, B., Photoinhibition of photosystem II. Inactivation, protein damage and turnover, Biochim. Bio-phys. Acta, 1993, 1143(2): 113–134.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Aro, E. M., Photodamage and D1 protein turnover in photosystem II, in Regulation of Photosynthesis (eds. Aro, E. M., Andersson, B.), Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2001, 377–393.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Zhang, L. X. Aro, E. M., Synthesis, membrane insertion and assembly of the chloroplast-encoded D1 protein into photosystem II, FEBS Lett., 2002, 512(1-3): 13–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mattoo, A. K., Hoffman-Falk, H., Marder, J. B. et al., Regulation of protein metabolism: Coupling of photosynthetic electron transport to in vivo degradation of the rapidly metabolized 32-kilodalton protein of the chloroplast membranes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2001, 81(5): 1380–1384.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rintamäki, E., Salonen, M., Suoranta, U. M. et al., Phosphorylation of light-harvesting complex and photosystem II core proteins shows different irradiance-dependent regulation in vivo. Application of phosphothreonine antibodies to analysis of thylakoid phosphoproteins, J. Biol. Chem., 1997, 272(48): 30476–30482.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Pursiheimo, S., Martinsuo, E., Rintamäki, E. et al., Photosystem protein phosphorylation follows four distinctly different regulatory patterns induced by environmental cues, Plant Cell Environ., 2003, 26(12): 1995–2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Andersson, B., Aro, E. M., Proteolytic activities and proteases of plant chloroplasts, Physiol. Plant, 1997, 100(4): 780–793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Rintamäki, E., Kettunen, R., Aro, E. M., Differential D1 dephosphorylation in functional and photodamaged photosystem II centers, J. Biol. Chem., 1996, 271(25): 14870–14875.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Koivuniemi, A., Aro, E. M., Andersson, B., Degradation of the D1-and D2-proteins of photosystem II in higher plants is regulated by reversible phosphorylation, Biochemistry, 1995, 34(49): 16022–16029.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Barbato, R., Friso, G., Rigoni, F. et al., Characterization of a 41 kD photoinhibition adduct in isolated photosystem II reaction centers, FEBS Lett., 1992, 309(2): 165–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Barbato, R., Friso, G., Ponticos, M. et al., Characterization of the light-induced cross-linking of the α-subunit of cytochrome b 559 and the D1 protein in isolated photosystem II reaction centers, J. Biol. Chem., 1995, 270(41): 24032–24037.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Yamamoto, Y., Akasaka, T., Degradation of antenna chlorophyll-binding protein CP43 during photoinhibition of photosystem II, Biochemistry, 1995, 43(28): 9038–9045.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ishikawa, Y., Nakatani, E., Henmi, T. et al., Turnover of the aggregates and cross-linked products of the D1 protein generated by acceptor-side photoinhibition of photosystem II, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1999, 1413(3): 147–158.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Henmi, T., Yamasaki, H., Sakuma, S. et al., Dynamic interaction between the D1 Protein, CP43 and OEC33 at the lumenal side of photosystem II in spinach chloroplasts: Evidence from light-induced cross-linking of the proteins in the donor-side photoinhibition, Plant Cell Physiol., 2003, 44(4): 451–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Yamamoto, Y., Quality control of photosystem II, Plant Cell Physiol., 2001, 42(2): 121–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Arnon, D. I., Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris, Plant Physiol., 1949, 24(1): 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Liu, Y. Q., Du, L. F., Purification and partial characterization of a phosphatase on thylakoid membrane in Ipomoea aquatica, Chin. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. (in Chinese), 2003, 9(3): 239–242.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Du, L. F., Tang, X. S., Liang, H. G., Influence of calcium ion on photosystem II oxygen evolution, Science in China, Ser. B, 1995, 38 (12): 1439-1447.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Li, X. P., Du, L. F., Ling, H. G. et al., Preparation and identification of anti-dodecapeptide of polypeptide D1 of photosystem II reaction center, Prog. Biochem. Biophys. (in Chinese), 1997, 24(3): 283–285.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Li, S. C., Du, L. F., Isolation of Mr33000 manganese-stabilizing protein and preparation of antiserum, Plant Physiol. Commu. (in Chinese), 1996, 32(6): 439–441.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Li, J., Du, L. F., A new approach to detect plant thykaloid phosphoprotein in vivo, Prog. Biochem. Biophys. (in Chinese), 2001, 28(5): 740–743.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kettunen, R., Tyystjärvi, E., Aro, E. M., Degradation pattern of photosystem II reaction center protein D1 in intact leaves, Plant Physiol., 1996, 111(4): 1183–1190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Rintamäki, E., Aro, E. M., Phosphorylation of photosystem II proteins, in Regulation of Photosynthesis (eds. Aro E. M., Andersson, B.), Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2001, 395–418.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

About this article

Cite this article

Wei, H., Guo, J., Zhang, S. et al. The presence of phosphorylation form of D1 protein in its cross-linked aggregates in high light treated spinach leaves in vivo . CHINESE SCI BULL 51, 69–74 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-005-1529-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-005-1529-3

Keywords

Navigation