Abstract
The ultraviolet upconversion luminescence of Tm3+ ions sensitized by Yb3+ ions in oxyfluoride nanophase vitroceramics when excited by a 975 nm diode laser was studied. An ultraviolet upconversion luminescence line positioned at 363.6 nm was found. It was attributed to the fluorescence transition of 1D2→3H6 of Tm3+ ion. Several visible upconversion luminescence lines at 450.7 nm, (477.0 nm, 462.5 nm), 648.5 nm, (680.5 nm, 699.5 nm) and (777.2 nm, 800.7 nm) were also found, which result respectively from the fluorescence transitions of 1D2→3F4, 1G4→3H6, 1G4→3F4, 3F3→3H6 and 3H4→3H6 of Tm3+ ion. The careful measurement and analysis of the variation of upconversion luminescence intensity F as a function of the 975 nm pumping laser power P prove that the upconversion luminescence of 1D2 state is partly a five-photon upconversion luminescence, and the upconversion luminescence of 1G4 state and 3H4 state are respectively the three-photon and two-photon upconversion luminescence. The theoretical analysis suggested that the upconversion mechanism of the 363.6 nm 1D2→3H6 upconversion luminescence is partly the cross energy transfer of {3H4(Tm3+), 3F4(Tm3+), 1G4(Tm3+)→1D2(Tm3+)} and {1G4(Tm3+)→3F4(Tm3+), 3H4(Tm3+)→1D2(Tm3+)} between Tm3+ ions. In addition, the upconversion luminescence of 1G4 and 3H4 state results respectively from the sequential energy transfer {2F5/2(Yb3+)→2F7/2(Yb3+), 3H4(Tm3+)→1G4(Tm3+)} and {2F5/2(Yb3+) →2F7/2(Yb3+), 3F4(Tm3+)→3F2(Tm3+)} from Yb3+ ions to Tm3+ ions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Reisfeld R. Lasers and Excited States of Rare-Earth. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1977
Auzel F. Upconversion and anti-stokes processes with f and d ions in solids. Chem Rev, 2004, 104(1): 141–173
Downing E, Hesselink L, Ralston J, et al. A three-color, solid-state, three-dimensional display. Science, 1996, 273(5279): 1185–1187
Balda R, Garcia-Adeva A J, Voda M, et al. Upconversion processes in Er3+-doped KPb2Cl5. Phys Rev B, 2004, 69(20): 205203
Sanders S, Waarts R G, Mehuys D G, et al. Laser diode pumped 106 mW blue upconversion fiber laser. Appl Phys Lett, 1995, 67: 1815–1817
Miyakawa T, Dexter D L. Cooperative and stepwise excitation of luminescence: Trivalent rare-earth ions in Yb3+-sensitized crystals. Phys Rev B, 1970, 1: 70–80
Miyakawa T, Dexter D L. Phonon sidebands, multiphonon relaxation of excited states, and phonon-assisted energy transfer between ions in solids. Phys Rev B, 1970, 1: 2961–2969
Zheng Y, Zhou X H, Zhang Y H, et al. Shape co-existence and structural evolution of the vi(13/2) band in Yb-157. Sci China Ser G-Phys Mech Astron, 2003, 46(2): 131–136
Biswas A, Maciel G S, Friend C S, et al. Upconversion properties of a transparent Er3+-Yb3+ co-doped LaF3-SiO2 glass-ceramics prepared by sol-gel method. J Non-Cryst Solids, 2003, 316(2–3): 393–397
Martin I R, Mendez-Ramos J, Rodriguez V D, et al. Increase of the 800 nm excited Tm3+ blue upconversion emission in fluoroindate glasses by codoping with Yb3+ ions. Opt Mater, 2003, 22(4): 327–333
Li S F, Zhang Q Y, Lee Y P. Absorption and photoluminescence properties of Er-doped and Er/Yb codoped soda-silicate laser glasses. J Appl Phys, 2004, 96(9): 4746–4750
Noginov M A, Curley M, Venkateswariu P, et al. Excitation scheme for the upper energy levels in a Tm:Yb:BaY2F8 laser crystal. J Opt Soc Am B, 1997, 14(8): 2126–2137
Hehlen M P, Kuditcher A, Lenef A L, et al. Nonradiative dynamics of avalanche upconversion in Tm: LiYF4. Phys Rev B, 2000, 61: 1116–1128
Carnall W T, Fieldd R, Rajnank K T. Electronic energy levels in the trivalent lanthanide aquo ions. J Chem Phys, 1968, 49: 4424–4442
Paschotta R, Moore N, Clarkson W A, et al. 230 mW of blue light from a thulium-doped upconversion fiber laser. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 1997, 3: 1100–1102
Chen X B. Ultraviolet upconversion luminescence phenomenon of noncrystalline HoP5O14 induced by pulsed 532nm laser. Sci China Ser A-Math Phys Astron, 1993, 23(10): 1054
Courrol L C, Ranieri I M, Tarelho L V G, et al. Enhancement of blue upconversion mechanism in YLiF4:Yb:Tm:Nd crystals. J Appl Phys, 2005, 98: 113504
Chen X B, Sawanobori N, Song Z F, et al. An initial experimental comparative investigation on direct and indirect up-conversion sensitization of 1G4 level of Tm,Yb codoped material. Optics Commun, 2000, 181: 171–181
Qin G S, Qin W P, Wu C F, et al. Intense ultraviolet upconversion luminescence from Yb3+ and Tm3+ codoped amorphous fluoride particles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation. Opt Commun, 2004, 242(1–3): 215–219
Chen X B, Song Z F, Zhao C Y, et al. Direct upconversion sensitization luminescence comparison of the ErYb co-doped oxyfluoride fluoride pentaphosphate glass. Spectrosc Spectr Anal, 2003, 23(1): 1–5
dos Santos P V, Vermelho M V D, Gouveia E A, et al. Blue cooperative luminescence in Yb3+-doped tellurite glasses excited at 1.064 μm. J Chem Phys, 2002, 116(15): 6772–6776
Sergeyev S, Popov S, Khoptyar D, et al. Statistical model of migration-assisted upconversion in a high-concentration erbium-doped fiber amplifier. J Opt Soc Am B, 2006, 23(8): 1540–1543
Chen X B. Research on the upconversion luminescence of Tm3+ ion in crystal and amorphous pentaphosphate materials. J Lumines, 1996, 69: 151–160
Kaminskii A. Laser Crystals: Their Physics. Berlin: Springer, 1981
Chen X B, Song Z F. The study of two-color excitation upconversion of Pr(0.5)Yb(3): ZBLAN. Sci China Ser G-Phys Mech Astron, 2006, 49(2): 169–177
He Z Y, Wang Y S, Sun L, et al. The role of Sm ions in optical storage of SrS: Eu, Sm. Sci China Ser A-Math Phys Astron, 2001, 44: 1189–1196
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10674019)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, X., Song, Z., Wu, J. et al. Ultraviolet and visible upconversion luminescence of Tm(0.1)Yb(5):FOV oxyfluoride nanophase vitroceramics. Sci. China Ser. G-Phys. Mech. Astron. 51, 1868–1876 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-008-0183-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-008-0183-6