Abstract
In this paper, we realize Shamir’s no-key protocol via quantum computation of Boolean functions and a private quantum channel. The proposed quantum no-key protocol has three rounds and provides mutual data origin authentication. Random Boolean functions are used to create entanglement and guarantee that any adversary without keys cannot pass the authentication. Thus, our protocol can resist the man-in-the-middle attack. A security analysis has shown that pieces of ciphertexts of the three rounds are completely mixed state. This property ensures no adversary can get any information about the sent message or authentication keys. Therefore, our protocol is unconditionally secure and its authentication keys can be reused.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
- 1
Menezes G J, van Oorschot P C, Vanstone S A. Handbook of Applied Cryptography. Boca Raton: Crc Press, 1997
- 2
Yang L, Wu L A. Transmit classical and quantum information secretly. 2002, arXiv: quant-ph/0203089
- 3
Yang L, Wu L A, Liu S H. Quantum three-pass cryptography protocol. In: Proceedings of SPIE 2002 Quantum Optics in Computing and Communications, SPIE, 2009. 4917: 107–112
- 4
Kanamori Y, Yoo S M, Mohammad A S. A quantum no-key protocol for secure data communication. In: Proceedings of Proc 43rd Annual Southeast Regional Conference. New York: ACM Press, 2005. 2: 92–93
- 5
Kak S. A three stage quantum cryptography protocol. Found Phys Lett, 2006, 19: 293–296
- 6
Kye W H, Kim C M, Kim M S, et al. Quantum key distribution with blind polarization bases. Phys Rev Lett, 2005, 95: 040501
- 7
Yang L. Quantum no-key protocol for direct and secure transmission of quantum and classical messages. 2003, arXiv: quant-ph/0309200
- 8
Wu Y, Yang L. Practical quantum no-key protocol with identification. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information Assurance and Security, Xi’an, 2009. 540–543
- 9
Yang L. Quantum no-key protocol for secure communication of classical message. 2013, arXiv: 1306.3388
- 10
Boykin P, Roychowdhury V. Optimal encryption of quantum bits. Phys Rev A, 2003, 67: 042317
- 11
Ambainis A, Mosca M, Tapp A, et al. Private quantum channels. In: Proceedings of the 41st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science. Redondo Beach: IEEE Computer Society Press, 2000. 547–553
- 12
Nayak A, Sen P. Invertible quantum operations and perfect encryption of quantum states. Quantum Inf Comput, 2007, 7: 103–110
- 13
Wu C, Yang L. Qubit-wise teleportation and its application in public-key secret communication. Sci China Inf Sci, 2017, 60: 032501
- 14
Bennett C H, Brassard G, Breidbart S. Quantum cryptography II: how to re-use a one-time pad safely even if P= NP. Natural Comput, 2014, 13: 453–458
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61672517), National Cryptography Development Fund (Grant No. MMJJ20170108), National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFB0802502), and Fundamental Theory and Cutting Edge Technology Research Program of Institute of Information Engineering, CAS (Grant No. Y7Z0301103).
Author information
Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, L., Wu, C. & Xie, H. Mutual authenticated quantum no-key encryption scheme over private quantum channel. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 61, 022502 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-017-9180-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Keywords
- quantum cryptography
- no-key protocol
- quantum entanglement
- information-theoretical security
- private quantum channel