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Integrated energy-oriented cruising control of electric vehicle on highway with varying slopes considering battery aging

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Abstract

Eco-driving strategies for vehicles with conventional powertrains have been studied for years and attempt to reduce fuel consumption by optimizing the driving velocity profile. For electric vehicles (EVs) with regenerative braking, the speed profile with the best energy efficiency should be different from conventional vehicles. This paper proposes an energy-oriented cruising control strategy for EVs with a hierarchical structure to realize eco-cruising on highways with varying slopes. The upper layer plans the energy-optimized vehicle velocity, and the lower layer calculates the torque allocation between the front and rear axles. However, the resulting speed profile with varying velocity may cause a high charge and discharge rate of the battery, resulting in rapid battery fading. To extend the battery life, we make a tradeoff between the energy consumption and wear of the battery by formulating an optimal control problem, where driving comfort and travel time are also considered. An indirect optimal control method is implemented to derive the optimal control rule. As an extension, the control rule for avoiding rear-end collisions is presented and simulated for driving in the real world.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China

    WeiChao Zhuang, LingHu Qu, BingBing Li, Nan Chen & GuoDong Yin

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA

    ShaoBing Xu

Authors
  1. WeiChao Zhuang
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  2. LingHu Qu
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  3. ShaoBing Xu
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  4. BingBing Li
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  5. Nan Chen
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  6. GuoDong Yin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to GuoDong Yin.

Additional information

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51805081, 51575103, and U1664258) and the National Key Research and Development Program in China (Grant Nos. 2016YFB0100906, and 2016YFD0700905).

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Zhuang, W., Qu, L., Xu, S. et al. Integrated energy-oriented cruising control of electric vehicle on highway with varying slopes considering battery aging. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 63, 155–165 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-019-9559-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-019-9559-2

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