Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Study on positive temperature coefficient of resistivity of co-doped BaTiO3 with Curie temperature in room temperature region

  • Article
  • Published:
Science China Technological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As a temperature self-regulating heater material, the doped BaTiO3 exhibits an attractive application perspective in the thermal management of electrical devices. However, the high Curie temperature does not meet the requirement in the thermal control application. In this work, (Ba0.997−xCe0.003Srx)(TiNb0.002)O3 (x=0.2, 0.3, 0.35, abbreviated as BCSTNs) ceramics were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The purpose of doping different content of strontium is to shift the Curie temperature of BaTiO3-based ceramic to the ambient temperature region, maintaining excellent PTC effect and low room-temperature resistivity by codoped cation ions in Ba- and Ti-site. The influences of sintering temperature and soak time on the microstructure as well as electrical properties of BCSTNs ceramics have been studied. The X-ray diffraction reveals that the composition with x=0.35 exhibits the coexistence of tetragonal and cubic lattice symmetries, confirmed by the Rietveld structure refinement. The dense microstructure with average grain sizes 0.84–7.87 μm was observed for BCSTN ceramics. Temperature-resistivity measurements demonstrate that TC of the ceramics with x=0.35 shifted to the room temperature region. Additionally, the BCSTN ceramic with heavy doping Sr exhibits relative low room-temperature resistivity and the resistance jump greater than 2.0 orders of magnitude.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Liu J, Li Y Z, Chang J, et al. A review of small satellite thermalcontrol system (in Chinese). Spacecr Environ Eng, 2011, 28: 77–82

    Google Scholar 

  2. Dudon J P, Zaradzki C, Paul-Bert P, et al. Flexible self-regulating heater (FSRH) using PTC effect: A promising technology for future spacecraft thermal control. In: 46th International Conference on Environmental Systems. Vienna, 2016. 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cheng W, Yuan S, Song J. Studies on preparation and adaptive thermal control performance of novel PTC (positive temperature coefficient) materials with controllable Curie temperatures. Energy, 2014, 74: 447–454

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Song J, Cheng W, Xu Z, et al. Study on PID temperature control performance of a novel PTC material with room temperature Curie point. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 2016, 95: 1038–1046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Cheng W, Song J, Liu Y, et al. Theoretical and experimental studies on thermal control by using a novel PTC material with room temperature Curie point. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 2014, 74: 441–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Li Y Z, Wei C F, Yuan L S. Simulation study of satellite partial temperature control system using PTC heater (in Chinese). J Syst Simul, 2005, 17: 1494–1496

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hill D, Tuller H. Ceramic sensors: Theory and practise. In: Buchanan R, Ed. Ceramic Materials for Electronics. NY: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1991. 335

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hozer L. Positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) thermistors. In: Semiconductor Ceramics, Grain Boundary Effects. Ellis Horwood Series in Physics and its Applications. Poland, 1994. 109–147

    Google Scholar 

  9. Heywang W. Bariumtitanat als sperrschichthalbleiter. Solid-State Electron, 1961, 3: 51–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Urek S, Drofenik M, Makovec D. Sintering and properties of highly donor-doped barium titanate ceramics. J Mater Sci, 2000, 35: 895–901

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Mancini M W, Filho P I P. Direct observation of potential barriers in semiconducting barium titanate by electric force microscopy. J Appl Phys, 2006, 100: 104501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yang M, Peng Z, Wang C, et al. Microstructure and electrical properties of BaTiO3-(Bi0.5M0.5)TiO3 (M=Li, Na, K, Rb) ceramics with positive temperature coefficient of resistivity. Ceram Int, 2016, 42: 17792–17797

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Liu M, Qu Y, Yang D. Effect of Bi2O3 doping methods on the positive temperature coefficient property of Ba0.999(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.001TiO3 ceramics. J Alloys Compd, 2010, 503: 237–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Al-Allak H M. Anomalous increase in the resistivity of n-doped Ba-TiO3-based ceramics with pressure observed at room temperature. J Am Ceram Soc, 2011, 94: 2757–2760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ding S W, Jia G, Wang J, et al. Electrical properties of Y-and Mn-doped BaTiO3-based PTC ceramics. Ceram Int, 2008, 34: 2007–2010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Qi J, Gui Z, Wu Y, et al. Enhancement of PTCR effect of semiconducting Ba1−xSrxTiO3 by Sb2O3 vapor. Sensor Actuat A-Phys, 2001, 93: 84–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wegmann M, Brönnimann R, Clemens F, et al. Barium titanate-based PTCR thermistor fibers: Processing and properties. Sensor Actuat APhys, 2007, 135: 394–404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Yu L H, Xue Q Z, Zhang D M. On a sudden-changing PTC material with low curie point (in Chinese). Electron Compon Mater, 1994, 13: 14–16

    Google Scholar 

  19. Patil D R, Lokare S A, Devan R S, et al. Studies on electrical and dielectric properties of Ba1−xSrxTiO3. Mater Chem Phys, 2007, 104: 254–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Jiang S L, Gong S P, Zhou L, et al. Study on the co-doped BaTiO3 semiconducting ceramic (in Chinese). Piezoelec acousto-optic, 2000, 22: 392–394

    Google Scholar 

  21. He Z, Ma J, Qu Y, et al. Effect of additives on the electrical properties of a (Ba0.92Sr0.08)TiO3-based positive temperature coefficient resistor. J Eur Ceramic Soc, 2002, 22: 2143–2148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. He Z, Ma J, Qu Y, et al. Compositional and processing effects on electrical properties of (Ba0.85Pb0.15)TiO3-based positive temperature coefficient resistors. J Eur Ceramic Soc, 2004, 24: 3617–3622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Nemati Z A, Tabibazar M, Deguire M R. The effects of cerium doping on the resistivity of PTCR barium lead titanate. Br Ceram Trans, 1993, 92: 109–113

    Google Scholar 

  24. Cernea M, Monnereau O, Llewellyn P, et al. Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of Ce doped-BaTiO3. J Eur Ceramic Soc, 2006, 26: 3241–3246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Ianculescu A, Pintilie I, Vasilescu C A, et al. Intrinsic pyroelectric properties of thick, coarse grained Ba1−xSrxTiO3 ceramics. Ceram Int, 2016, 42: 10338–10348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Chen Y L, Yang S F. PTCR effect in donor doped barium titanate: Review of compositions, microstructures, processing and properties. Adv Appl Ceramics, 2011, 110: 257–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Heywang W. Resistivity anomaly in doped barium titanate. J Am Ceramic Soc, 1964, 47: 484–490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Jonker G H. Some aspects of semiconducting barium titanate. Solid-State Electron, 1964, 7: 895–903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kuwabara M, Matsuda H, Kurata N, et al. Shift of the curie point of barium titanate ceramics with sintering temperature. J Am Ceramic Soc, 1997, 80: 2590–2596

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Kim J G. Sintering condition and PTCR characteristics of porous n-BaTiO3 ceramics by adding poly(ethylene glycol). J Mater Sci, 2004, 39: 6129–6131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kim J G, Ha J G, Lim T W, et al. Preparation of porous BaTiO3-based ceramics by high-energy ball-milling process. Mater Lett, 2006, 60: 1505–1508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Brzozowski E, Castro M S. Influence of Nb5+ and Sb3+ dopants on the defect profile, PTCR effect and GBBL characteristics of BaTiO3 ceramics. J Eur Ceramic Soc, 2004, 24: 2499–2507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Cheng X, Li X, Chen G, et al. Influence of sintering method on the PTCR effect and microstructures of Sm2O3-doped BaTiO3-based ceramics sintered in a reducing atmosphere. Ceramics Int, 2017, 43: S249–S252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Huybrechts B, Ishizaki K, Takata M. Influence of high oxygen partial pressure annealing on the positive temperature coefficient of Mn-doped Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3. J Eur Ceramic Soc, 1993, 11: 395–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Daniels J, Wernicke R, Part V. News aspects for an improved PTCR model. Philips Res Rept, 1976, 31: 544–559

    Google Scholar 

  36. Daniels J, Haerdtl K H, Wernicke R. The PTC effect of barium titanate. Philips Technical Review, 1976, 38: 73–82

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kutty T R N, Murugaraj P, Gajbhiye N S. Activation of trap centres in PTC BaTiO3. Mater Lett, 1984, 2: 396–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Chen Y, Gong S, Zhang B, et al. The preparation of fine-grained positive temperature coefficient resistance with superior electrical properties. Microelectron Eng, 2013, 103: 106–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China

    AiMei Yu, Qiang Li, DeSong Fan & HongLiang Zhang

Authors
  1. AiMei Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Qiang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. DeSong Fan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. HongLiang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qiang Li.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yu, A., Li, Q., Fan, D. et al. Study on positive temperature coefficient of resistivity of co-doped BaTiO3 with Curie temperature in room temperature region. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 62, 811–819 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-018-9435-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-018-9435-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation