Abstract
To achieve a dopamine (DA) response with high sensitivity and high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) with a patch-clamp system, polypyrrole/graphene (PPy/GR) nanocomposites were steadily electrodeposited by an electrochemical method on a planar microelectrode array (pMEA) fabricated by a standard micromachining process. The electrodeposition process was carried out by chronopotentimetry measurement scanning from 0.1 to 0.8 C/cm2 at the current of 2 mA; 0.5 C/cm2 was found to be optimal. The pMEA modified by PPy/GR at the 0.5 C/cm2 exhibits remarkable properties; for instance, the standard deviation (SD) decreases from 8.4614×10−11 to 5.62×10−11 A, reduced by 33.52%, and the sensitivity increases from 2566.88 to 76114.65 μAmMcm−2, 29.65 times higher than the bare Pt (platinum). A good linear relationship between the current and DA concentration in the range of 0.30 to 61.71 μm was obtained, with a correlation coefficient of 0.997. The sensor is meaningful for neuroscience research and the treatment of neurological diseases.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sokoloff P, Giros B, Martres M P, et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. Nature, 1990, 347: 146–151
Chen W L, Yin P B, Ye W L, et al. Toosendanin-induced change of dopamine level detected by microdialysis in vivo at rat striatum. Chin Sci Bull, 1999, 44: 1106–1110
Lin Y H, Chen C, Wang C Y, et al. Silver nanoprobe for sensitive and selective colorimetric detection of dopamine via robust Agcatechol interaction. Chem Commun, 2011, 47: 1181–1183
Fiona M N, Andrea V, Lars F. Changes in cortical dopamine d1 re ceptor binding associated with cognitive training. Science, 323: 800–802
Kuma M H, Swamy B E K, Reddy S, et al. Synthesis of ZnO and its surfactant based electrode for the simultaneous detection of dopamine and ascorbic acid. Anal Methods, 2013, 5: 735–740
Zhou G Z, Wang D, Xu S F. Effect if dopamine system in caudate nucleus on acupuncture analgesia. Chin Sci Bull, 1981, 26: 1043–1047.
Satish K, Harit D, Mohan S, et al. Polymer Communication Fibers from polypropylene/nano carbon fiber composites. Polymer, 43: 1701–1703
Deng F, Zeng X R, Zou J Z, et al. Synthesis of LiFePO4 in situ vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) composite cathode material via microwave pyrolysis chemical vapor deposition. Chin Sci Bull, 2011, 56: 1832–1835
Rodger C, Fong A J, Li W, Ameri H, et al. Flexible parylene-basedmultielectrode array technology for high-density neural stimulation and recording. Sens Actuators B Chem, 2008, 132: 449–460
Cogan S F, Neural stimulation and recording electrodes. Ann Rev Biomed, 2008, 10: 275–309
Rose T L, Robblee L S. Electrical stimulation with Pt electrodes Electro-chemically safe charge injection limits with 0.2 ms pulses. IEEE Trans Biomed, 1990, 37: 1118–1120
Matsue T, Aoki A, Ando E J, et al. Multichannel electrochemical detection system for flow analysis. Anal Chem, 1990, 62: 407–409
Wang H, Cai H R, Tai H J. Modulation of presynaptic nAChRs on postsynaptic GABA receptor in optic tectum of juvenile Xenopus Chin Sci Bull, 2003, 48: 417–423
Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, et al. Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene. Nature, 2005, 438: 197–200
Castro Neto A H, Guinea F, Peres N M R, et al. The electronic properties of graphene. Rev Mod Phys, 2009, 81: 109–162
Zhang H, Fu Q, Cui Y, et al. Fabrication of metal nanoclusters on graphene grown on Ru. Chin Sci Bull. 2009, 54: 2446–2450
Geim A K, Graphene: Status and prospects. Science, 2009, 324: 1530–1534
Nair R R, Wu H A, Jayaram P N, et al. Unimpeded permeation of water through helium-leak-tight graphene-based membrane. Science, 335: 442–444
Zhuang Z J, Li J Y, Xu R, et al. Electrochemical detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid using overoxidized polypyrrole/graphene modified electrodes. Inter J Electrochem Sci, 2011, 1: 2149–2161
Kima Y R, Bong S, Kang Y J, et al. Electrochemical detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid using graphene modified electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron, 2010, 25: 2366–2369
Zhou X M, Liao Y H, Xing D. Sensitive monitoring of RNA transcription levels using a graphene oxide fluorescence switch. Chin Sci Bull, 2013, 58: 2634–2639
Shao Y Y, Wang J, Wu H, et al. Graphene based electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Electroanalysis, 2010, 22: 1027–1036
Hou S F, Kasner M L., Su S J, Highly sensitive and selective dopamine biosensor fabricated with silanized graphene. J Phys Chem, 2010, 114: 14915–14921
Heike E. A brain potential study of preparation for and execution of a task-switch with stimuli that afford only the relevant task. Neuroscience, 2010, 33: 1137–1154
Barizuddin S, Liu X, Mathai J C, et al. Automated targeting of cells to electrochemical electrodes using a surface chemistry approach for the measurement of quantal exocytosis. Neuroscience, 2010, 1: 590–597
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, L., Jiang, T., Song, Y. et al. Dopamine detection using a patch-clamp system on a planar microeletrode array electrodeposited by polypyrrole/graphene nanocomposites. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 57, 288–292 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-014-5465-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-014-5465-9