Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pushover analysis of underground structures: Method and application

  • Article
  • Published:
Science China Technological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pushover analysis is common because of its conceptual simplicity and computational attractiveness in computing seismic demand. Considering that traditional pushover analysis is restricted in underground structures due to the stark differences in the seismic response characteristics of surface structures, this paper proposes a pushover analysis method for underground structures and its application in seismic damage assessment. First, three types of force distribution are presented based on ground response analysis. Next, the target displacements and analysis models are established according to force-based and performance-based design. Then, the pushover analysis procedure for underground structures is described. Next, the applicability of pushover analysis to underground structures is verified by comparing the responses of a Chongwenmen subway station determined by the proposed procedure and by nonlinear response history analysis. In addition, two other points are made: that the inverted triangular distribution of effective earthquake acceleration is more practical than the other two distributions, and that performance-based design is more effective than force-based design. Finally, a cyclic reversal loading pattern based on one cycle of reversal loads as an earthquake event is presented and applied to the seismic damage assessment of underground structures. The results show that the proposed pushover analysis can be effectively applied to the seismic design and damage assessment of underground structures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Goel R K, Singh B, Zhao J. Underground Infrastructures: Planning, Design, and Construction. Butterworth Heinemann: Burlington, 2012. 1–9

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Uenishi K, Sakurai S. Characteristic of the vertical seismic waves associated with the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe), Japan earthquake estimated from the failure of the Daikai Underground Station. Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 2000, 29(6): 813–821

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang W L, Wang T T, Su J J, et al. Assessment of damage in mountain tunnels due to the Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2001, 16(3): 133–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Chian S C, Tokimatsu K. Floatation of underground structures during the Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake of 11th March 2011. Proceedings of the 15th world conference on earthquake engineering. Lisbon; 2012

    Google Scholar 

  5. Hashash Y, Hook J J, Schmidt B. Seismic design and analysis of underground structures. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2001, 16(4): 247–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Liu J B, Li B. A unified viscous-spring artificial boundary for 3-D static and dynamic applications. Sci China Ser E-Tech Sci, 2005, 48: 570–584

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Lu Y D, Liu J B. A direct method for analysis of dynamic soil-structure interaction. China Civil Eng J, 1998, (3): 008

    Google Scholar 

  8. ATC-40. Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings. California Seismic Safety Commission, 1996

    Google Scholar 

  9. FEMA-273. NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. Washington, DC, 1997

    Google Scholar 

  10. Chopra A K, Goel R K. A modal pushover analysis procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings. Earthquake EngStruct Dyn, 2002, 31(3): 561–582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Reyes J C, Chopra A K. Three-dimensional modal pushover analysis of buildings subjected to two components of ground motion, including its evaluation for tall buildings. Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 2011, 40(7): 789–806

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Camara A, Astiz M A. Pushover analysis for the seismic response prediction of cable-stayed bridges under multi-directional excitation. Eng Struct, 2012, 41: 444–455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Nishioka T, Unjoh S. A simplified evaluation method for the seismic performance of underground common utility boxes. Proceedings 2003 Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering. 2003

    Google Scholar 

  14. Liu J B, Li B, Liu X Q. A static elasto-plastic analysis method in seismic design of underground structures. China Civil Eng J, 2007, 40(7): 68–76

    Google Scholar 

  15. Li B. Theoretical Analysis of Seismic Response of Underground Subway Structures and its Application. Dissertation of Doctoral Degree. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2005

    Google Scholar 

  16. Idriss I M, Sun J I. SHAKE91: A Computer Program for Conducting Equivalent Linear Seismic Response Analysis of Horizontally Layered Soil Deposits User’s Guide. California: University of California, Davis, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bardet J P, Ichii K, Lin C H. EERA: A Computer Program for Equivalent-linear Earthquake Site Response Analysis of Layered Soil Deposits User’s Manual. Los Angeles: University of Southern California, 2000

    Google Scholar 

  18. The people’s Republic of China Code. Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB 50267-97). Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press, 2010

    Google Scholar 

  19. Liu J B, Li B. Issues on the seismic analysis and design of subway structures. China Civil Eng J, 2006, 39(6): 106–110

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ghobarah A. Performance-based design in earthquake engineering: State of development. Eng Struct, 2001, 23(8): 878–884

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hajirasouliha I, Asadi P, Pilakoutas K. An efficient performance-based seismic design method for reinforced concrete frames. Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 2012, 41(4): 663–679

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Gupta A, Krawinkler H. Estimation of seismic drift demands for frame structures. Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 2000, 29(9): 1287–1305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. SEAOC. Vision 2000, Performance based seismic engineering of buildings, vols. I and II: Conceptual framework. Sacramento (CA): Structural Engineers Association of California, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  24. Miao Z W, Ye L P, Guan H, et al. Evaluation of modal and traditional pushover analyses in frame-shear-wall structures. Adv Struct Eng, 2011, 14(5): 815–836

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Marc MSC, Version MSCMUM. MSC. Software Corporation, Santa Ana, CA, 2004

    Google Scholar 

  26. Pakbaz M C, Yareevand A. 2-D analysis of circular tunnel against earthquake loading. Tunnelling and Underground SpaceTechnology, 2005, 20(5): 411–417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ghobarah A, Abou Elfath H, Biddah A. Response-based damage assessment of structures. Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 1999, 28(1): 79–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    JingBo Liu & WenHui Wang

  2. Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA

    WenHui Wang & Gautam Dasgupta

Authors
  1. JingBo Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. WenHui Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gautam Dasgupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to WenHui Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Liu, J., Wang, W. & Dasgupta, G. Pushover analysis of underground structures: Method and application. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 57, 423–437 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-013-5430-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-013-5430-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation