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Giant piezoresponse and promising application of environmental friendly small-ion-doped ZnO

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Abstract

In recent years, with the growing concerns on environmental protection and human health, new materials, such as lead-free piezoelectric materials, have received increasing attention. So far, three types of lead-free piezoelectric systems have been widely researched, i.e., perovskites, bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics, and tungsten-bronze type ferroelectrics. This article presents a new type of environmental friendly piezoelectric material with simple structure, the transition-metal(TM)-doped ZnO. Through substituting Zn2+ site with small size ion, we obtained a series of TM-doped ZnO with giant piezoresponse, such as Zn0.975V0.025O of 170 pC/N, Zn0.94Cr0.06O of 120 pC/N, Zn0.913Mn0.087O of 86 pC/N and Zn0.988Fe0.012O of 127 pC/N. The tremendous piezoresponses are ascribed to the introduction of switchable spontaneous polarization and high permittivity in TM-doped ZnO. The microscopic origin of giant piezoresponse is also discussed. Substitution of TM ion with small ionic size for Zn2+ results in the easier rotation of noncollinear TM-O1 bonds along the c axis under the applied field, which produces large piezoelectric displacement and corresponding piezoresponse enhancement. Furthermore, it proposes a general rule to guide the design of new wurtzite semiconductors with enhanced piezoresponses. That is, TM-dopant with ionic size smaller than Zn2+ substitutes for Zn2+ site will increase the piezoresponse of ZnO significantly. Finally, we discuss the improved performances of some TM-doped ZnO based piezoelectric devices.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Feng Pan, JingTing Luo, YuChao Yang, XuBo Wang & Fei Zeng

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Pan, F., Luo, J., Yang, Y. et al. Giant piezoresponse and promising application of environmental friendly small-ion-doped ZnO. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 55, 421–436 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-011-4682-8

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