Abstract
The Dst index, designed as a proxy of ring current intensity, is known to be also affected by other magnetospheric current systems, e.g. magnetopause current. The pressure-corrected Dst index is obtained by removing the effects of the solar wind dynamic pressure and the quiet time ring current. However, all previous studies treated the correction coefficient as an averaged parameter for storms of different intensity. In this paper, based on the Burton’s equations and employing two independent methods, we will show a positive correlation between pressure-correction coefficient b and the intensity of the storms. We divided our storm database (872 storms in total) into three categories according to the intensity of storms. In order to improve the accuracy of calculating, we also used the higher-resolution SYM-H index data instead of Dst index to compute the corrected Dst index during different storms. Furthermore, we are able to provide corrected magnetic storm index with high-time resolution (∼ 1 min).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Iyemori T, Rao D R K. Decay of the Dst field of geomagnetic disturbances after substorm onset and its implication to storm-substorm relation. Ann Geophysicae, 1996, 14: 608–618
Burton R K, McPherron R L, Russell C T. An empirical relationship between interplanetary conditions and Dst. J Geophys Res, 1975, 80: 4204
Turner N E, Baker D N, Pulkkinen T I, et al. Evaluation of the tail current contribution to Dst. J Geophys Res, 2000, 105(A3): 5431–5439
O’Brien T P, McPherron R L. An empirical phase space analysis of ring current dynamics: Solar wind control of injection and decay. J Geophys Res, 2000, 105: 7707
Wang C B, Chao J K, Lin C H. Influence of the solar wind dynamic pressure on the decay and injection of the ring current. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108(A9): 1341
Ballatore P, Gonzalez W D. On the estimates of the ring current injection and decay. Earth Planets Space, 2003, 55: 427–435
Siscoe G L, McPherron R L, Jordanova V K. Diminished contribution of ram pressure to Dst during magnetic storms. J Geophys Res, 2005, 110: A12227
Xie H, Gopalswamy N, St Cyr O C, et al. Effects of solar wind dynamic pressure and preconditioning on large geomagnetic storms. Geophys Res Lett, 2008, 35: L06S08. doi:10.1029/2007GL032298
Lundstedt H, Gleisner H, Wintoft P. Operational forecasts of the geomagnetic Dst index. Geophys Res Lett, 2002, 29(24): 2181
O’Brien T P, McPherron R L. Seasonal and diurnal variation of Dst dynamics. J Geophys Res, 2002, 107(A11): 1341
Zhang J C, Liemohn M W, Kozyra J U, et al. A statistical comparison of solar wind sources of moderate and intense geomagnetic storms at solar minimum and maximum. J Geophys Res, 2006, 111: A01104
Wanliss J A, Showalter K M. High-resolution global storm index: Dst versus SYM-H. J Geophys Res, 2006, 111: A02202
Von Steiger R, Schwadron N A, Fisk L A, et al. Composition of quasistationary solar wind flows from Ulysses/Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer. J Geophys Res, 105(A12): 27217–27238
Kozyra J U, Liemohn M W, Clauer C R, et al. Multistep Dst development and ring current composition changes during the 4–6 June 1991 magnetic storm. J Geophys Res, 2002, 107(A8): 1224
Burke W J, Gentile L C, Huang C Y. Penetration electric fields driving main phase Dst. J Geophys Res, 2007, 112: A07208
Shepherd S G. Polar cap potential saturation: Observations, theory, and modeling. J Atmos Solar-Terre Phys, 2007, 69(3): 234–248
Huang C S, Foster J C, Goncharenko L P, et al. Variations of lowlatitude geomagnetic fields and Dst index caused by magnetospheric substorms. J Geophys Res, 2004, 109: A05219
Wei Y, Pu Z. Hong M,et al. Westward ionospheric electric field perturbations on the dayside associated with substorm processes. J Geophys Res, 2009, 114: A12209
Nose M, Koshiishi H, Matsumoto H, et al. Magnetic field dipolarization in the deep inner magnetosphere and its role in development of O+-rich ring current. J Geophys Res, 2010, 115: A00J03
Zong Q G, Zhou X Z, Wang Y F, et al. Energetic electron response to ULF waves induced by interplanetary shocks in the outer radiation belt. J Geophys Res, 2009, 114: A10204
Zhang X Y, Zong Q G, Wang Y F, et al. ULF waves excited by negative/positive solar wind dynamic pressure impulses at geosynchronous orbit. J Geophys Res, 2010, 115: A10221
Zong Q G, Reinisch B W, Song P, et al. Dayside ionospheric response to the intense interplanetary shocks/solar wind discontinuities: Observations from the Digisonde Global Ionospheric Radio Observatory. J Geophys Res, 2010, 115: A06304
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, H., Zong, Q., Wei, Y. et al. Influence of solar wind dynamic pressure on geomagnetic Dst index during various magnetic storms. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 54, 1445–1454 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-011-4319-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-011-4319-y