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Intracontinental lithospheric delamination: Constraints from imaging the mantle transition zone beneath the southwestern part of the Sichuan Basin

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Abstract

The southwestern part of the Sichuan Basin (SW-SCB) is adjacent to the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Affected by the Indo-Eurasian collision and subsequent intrusion of the Indian plate into the Eurasian plate during the Cenozoic, this region is ideal for the study of the tectonic evolution of the intracontinental lithosphere and the dynamic processes of deep and shallow structures. In this study, we applied the receiver function technique to the data obtained from a recently deployed high-density broadband seismic array across the Sichuan Basin and Sichuan-Yunnan block (SCB-SYB). We conducted a multi-frequency and multi-model correction analysis to image the structure of the mantle transition zone beneath this region. The results showed the 660-km discontinuity gradually increasing in depth by 10–30 km beneath the western side of the Anninghe-Xiaojiang Fault, suggesting the presence of thermal anomalies caused by the subducted Indian plate from west to east. At the junction of the SCB-SYB, the 410-km discontinuity exhibited a slight uplift of 5–10 km, while the 660-km discontinuity showed a significant depression of ~30 km over a lateral range of ~150 km. Based on previous surface GPS observation and dynamic numerical simulation studies, we suggest that the sharp lateral small-scale topography of this 660-km discontinuity beneath the SW-SCB may have resulted from dripping delamination of the lithosphere within the strain localization area. Furthermore, the aggregation of delaminated lithospheric material at the base of the 660-km discontinuity determines the regional topography of mantle transition zone discontinuities. In this study, we provided seismological evidence for the challenging detection of small-scale intracontinental lithosphere dripping delamination. Moreover, it provides a new view for studying deep and shallow dynamic processes in intracontinental regions with stress concentration resulting from plate/continental subduction and collision.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Dr. HOU Guangbing, Dr. LING Yuan, and all the staff who participated in the Middle Chuan-Dian (MCD) seismic array instrument layout and data collection. Thanks to the Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration China Seismic Scientific Exploration Array Data Center (https://doi.org/10.11998/SeisDmc/SN), and the Seismic Array Laboratory of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (https://doi.org/10.12129/IGGSL.Data.Observation), for providing the seismic waveform data in this article. Thanks to the responsible editor and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions on this article. Thanks to Professor HUANG Zhouchuan for providing the Huang19 velocity model and to Dr. WANG Xin, Dr. ZHANG Han, and Dr. HU Fangyang for the discussion and constructive comments. Data processing and plotting were performed using the Seismic Analysis Code (SAC) and GMT program packages. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC1500302), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42074063), and the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. IG-GCAS-201904).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Fan Yang, Juan Li, Sidan Chen, Long Li & Yinshuang Ai

  2. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Fan Yang, Juan Li, Sidan Chen, Long Li & Yinshuang Ai

  3. Heilongjiang Mohe Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Juan Li & Yinshuang Ai

  4. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Yun Chen

  5. CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Yun Chen

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Yang, F., Li, J., Chen, S. et al. Intracontinental lithospheric delamination: Constraints from imaging the mantle transition zone beneath the southwestern part of the Sichuan Basin. Sci. China Earth Sci. 66, 2340–2352 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1129-9

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