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Spatial variability and long-term change in pollen diversity in Nam Co catchment (central Tibetan Plateau): Implications for alpine vegetation restoration from a paleoecological perspective

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Abstract

Pollen diversity offers abundant clues into the floristic diversity and history of vegetation change. Few palynological studies investigated modern pollen diversity or the past floristic diversity on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Based on modern pollen assemblages from 37 topsoils and 63 surface lake sediments in the Nam Co catchment on the central TP, this study quantitatively explored spatial distribution of modern pollen diversity using Shannon-Wiener index (H) and palynological richness (E(T n ), n=600). Pollen diversity indices showed spatial variability among vegetation types, reflecting the differences in terrestrial floristic diversity in the lake catchment. Their values were high in the southeastern region of the lake catchment which is covered by alpine steppe, while values were low for alpine meadow and marsh meadow. The pollen diversity in lacustrine pollen assemblage could be an effective proxy to document past floristic diversity. The past floristic diversity in the lake catchment, recovered from a fossil pollen record of NMLC-1, showed a long-term change of ascending overlaid by several rapid diversity changes during the last 8400 years due to the downward shift of altitudinal vegetation belt driven by a general climatic cooling. The results imply that under the environmental challenge of climate warming and vegetation degradation, alpine vegetation restoration in the Nam Co catchment and the central TP should pay attention to altitudinal vegetation belt and zonal vegetation of alpine steppe, and use the long-term change of floristic diversity as a historical analogue.

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Acknowledgements

The author thanks Prof. Houyuan Lu, Prof. Liping Zhu, Prof. Yan Zhao, and Dr. Junbo Wang for discussions, and Dr. Jianting Ju for field assistance. The author acknowledges the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model used in this study. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41471169, 41690113, 41271226, 41571189 & 41330105).

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    Quan Li

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Table S1

List of topsoils and surface lake sediments from Nam Co catchment, central Tibetan Plateau

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Li, Q. Spatial variability and long-term change in pollen diversity in Nam Co catchment (central Tibetan Plateau): Implications for alpine vegetation restoration from a paleoecological perspective. Sci. China Earth Sci. 61, 270–284 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-017-9133-0

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