Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The causal sequence investigation of the ring current ion-flux increasing and the magnetotail ion injection during a major storm

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Science China Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Comprehensive records are available in ENA data of ring current activity recorded by the NUADU instrument aboard TC-2 on 15 May, 2005 during a major magnetic storm (which incorporated a series of substorms). Ion fluxes at 4-min temporal resolution derived from ENA data in the energy ranges 50–81 and 81–158 keV are compared with in situ particle fluxes measured by the LANL-SOPA instruments aboard LANL-01, LANL-02, LANL-97, and LANL-84 (a series of geostationary satellites that encircle the equatorial plane at ~6.6 R E). Also, magnetic fields measured simultaneously by the magetometers aboard GOES-10 and GOES-12 (which are also geostationary satellites) are compared with the particle data. It is demonstrated that ion fluxes in the ring current were enhanced during geomagnetic field tailward stretching in the growth phases of substorms rather than after Earthward directed dipolarization events. This observation, which challenges the existing concept that ring current particles are injected Earthward from the magnetotail following dipolarization events, requires further investigation using a large number of magnetic storm events.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Belian R D, Gisler G R, Cayton T, et al. 1992. High-Z energetic particles at geostationary orbit during the great solar proton event series of October 1989. J Geophys Res, 97: 16897, doi: 10.1029/92JA01139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C:son Brandt P, Demajistre R, Roelof E C, et al. 2002a. IMAGE/highenergy energetic neutral atom: Global energetic neutral atom imaging of the plasma sheet and ring current during substorms. J Geophys Res, 107: 1454. doi: 10.1029/2002JA009307

  • C:son Brandt P, Ohtani S, Mitchell D G, et al. 2002b. ENA observations of a global substorm growth phase dropout in the nightside magnetosphere. Geophys Res Lett, 29, doi: 10.1029/2002GL015057

  • Daglis I A, Richard Thorne M, Baumjohann W, et al. 1999. The terrestrial ring current: Origin, formation, and decay. Rev Geophys, 37: 407–438

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delcourt D C. 2002. Particle acceleration by inductive electric fields in the inner magnetosphere. J Astrophy, 64: 551–559

    Google Scholar 

  • Echer E, Gonzalez W D, Tsurutani B T. 2008. Interplanetary conditions leading to Superintense geomagnetic storms (Dst≤−250 nT) during solar cycle 23. Geophy Re Let, 35: L06S03, doi: 10.1029/2007GL031755

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu H S, Khotyaintsev Y V, André M, et al. 2011. Fermi and betatron acceleration of suprathermal electrons behind dipolarization fronts. Geophys Res Lett, 38: L16104, doi:10.1029/2011GL048528

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu H S, Khotyaintsev Y V, Vaivads A, et al. 2012a. Pitch angle distribution of suprathermal electrons behind dipolarization fronts: A statistical overview. J Geophys Res, 117: A12221

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu H S, Khotyaintsev Y V, Vaivads A, et al. 2012b. Electric structure of dipolarization front at sub-proton scale. Geophys Res Lett, 39: L06105

    Google Scholar 

  • Hori T, Lui A T Y, Ohtani S, et al. 2005. Storm-time convection electric field in the near-Earth plasma sheet. J Geophys Res, 110: A04213

    Google Scholar 

  • Grafe A, Feldstein Y I. 2000. About the relationship between auroral electrojets and ring current. Ann Geophys, 18: 874–886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamide Y, Baumjohann W, Daglis I A, et al. 1998. Current understanding of magnetic storms: Storm-substorm relationships. J Geophys Res, 1770: 5–17728

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozyreva O V, Kleimenova N G. 2007. Geomagnetic pulsations and magnetic disturbances during the initial phase of a strong magnetic storm of May 15, 2005. Geomagn Aeron, 47: 501–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazutin L L, Kuznetsov S N. 2008. Nature of sudden auroral activations at the beginning of magnetic storms. Geomagn Aeron, 48: 165–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le G, Russell C T, Takahashi K. 2004. Morphology of the ring current derived from in-situ magnetic field measurements. Ann Geophys, 22: 1267–1295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu W W, Rostoker G. 1995. Energetic ring current particles generated by recurring substorm cycles. J Geophys Res, 2189: 7–21910

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Z X, Escoupet C P, Pu Z Y, et al. 2005. The double star mission. Ann Geophys, 23: 2707–2712

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu L, McKenna-Lawlor S, Barabash S, et al. 2008. Iterative inversion of global magnetospheric ion distributions using energetic neutral atom (ENA) images recorded by the NUADU/TC2 instrument, Ann Geophy, 26: 1641–1652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu L, McKenna-Lawlor S, Barabash S, et al. 2010. Comparisons between ion distributions retrieved from ENA images of the ring current and contemporaneous, multipoint ion measurements recorded in situ during the major magnetic storm of 15 May 2005. J Geophys Res, 115: A12218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKenna-Lawlor S, Balaz J, Barabash S, et al. 2004. The energetic NeUtral Atom Detector Unit (NUADU) for China’s Double Star Mission and its calibration. Nucl Instrum Meth A, 530: 311–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKenna-Lawlor S, Lu L, Dandouras I, et al. 2010. Moderate geomagnetic storm (21–22 January 2005. triggered by an outstanding coronal mass ejection viewed via energetic neutral atoms. J Geophys Res, 115, doi: 10. 1029/2009JA014663

    Google Scholar 

  • Peroomian V, Ashour-Abdalla M. 1996. Population of the near-earth magnetotail from the auroral zone. J Geophys Res, 1538: 7–15401

    Google Scholar 

  • Sauvaud J A, Winckler J R. 1980. Dynamics of plasma, energetic particles, and fields near synchronous orbit in the nighttime sector during magnetospheric substorms. J Geophys Res, 85: 2043–2056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sauvaud J A, Beutier T, Delcourt D. 1996. On the origin of flux dropouts near geosynchronous orbit during the growth pahse of substorms: 1. Betatron effects. J Geophys Res, 1991: 1–19920

    Google Scholar 

  • Sergeev V A, Shukhtina M A, Rasinkangas R, et al. 1998. Event study of deep energetic particle injections during substorm. 103: 9217–9234

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsurutani B T, Gonzalez W D. 1997. The interplanetary causes of magnetic storms: A review. In: Tsurutani B T, Gonzalez W D, Kamide Y, et al. Magnetic Storm. Geophysical Monograph Series. Vol. 98. Washington D C: AGU. 77–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Tverskaya LV, Ginzburg E A, Ivanova T A, et al. 2007. Peculiarities of the outer radiation belt dynamics during the strong magnetic storm of May 15, 2005. Geomagn Aeron, 47: 696–703

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker R J, Erickson K N, Swznson R L, et al. 1976. Substorm-associated particle boundary motion at synchronous orbit. J Geophys Res, 81: 5541–5550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wygant J, Rowland D, Singer H J, et al. 1998. Experimental evidence on the role of the large spatial scale electric field in creating the ring current. J Geophys Res, 2952: 7–29544

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie L, Pu Z Y, Zhou X Z, et al. 2006. Energetic ion injection and formation of the storm-time symmetric ring current. Ann Geophys, 24: 3547–3556

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Li Lu

  2. Space Technology Ireland, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland

    S. McKenna-Lawlor & J. Balaz

  3. School of Astronautics, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, 100191, China

    JinBin Cao

  4. Institute of Experimental Physics, Kosice, Slovakia

    K. Kudela & J. Balaz

Authors
  1. Li Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. McKenna-Lawlor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. JinBin Cao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. K. Kudela
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. J. Balaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Li Lu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lu, L., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Cao, J. et al. The causal sequence investigation of the ring current ion-flux increasing and the magnetotail ion injection during a major storm. Sci. China Earth Sci. 59, 129–144 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-015-5121-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-015-5121-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation