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Obstruktive Schlafapnoe bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes

Obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes

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Zusammenfassung

Bei Typ-2-Diabetikern ist neben Adipositas, Fettstoffwechselstörungen und arteriellem Hypertonus die obstruktive Schlafapnoe (OSA) eine sehr häufige Komorbidität. Die OSA ist durch repetitive Apnoen, Aufwachreaktionen sowie apnoesynchrone Anstiege der Herzfrequenz und des arteriellen Blutdrucks gekennzeichnet. Die OSA-bedingte Symptomatik wie z. B. morgendliche Abgeschlagenheit, Einschlafneigung am Tag und ggf. nächtliche Dyspnoe oder Nykturie rechtfertigt eine Therapie der OSA. Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes können von der Behandlung profitieren, da diese meist zu einem Rückgang der Symptome führt, blutdrucksenkende Effekte hat und sich positiv auf den Fett- sowie Glukosestoffwechsel auswirken kann. Die apparative Diagnostik der OSA mithilfe der ambulant durchführbaren Polygraphie ist bei Typ-2-Diabetikern mit OSA-typischen Symptomen oder anderen Hinweisen auf eine OSA (z. B. schwer einstellbarer arterieller Hypertonie, fehlender nächtlicher Blutdruckabsenkung) indiziert.

Abstract

In patients with type 2 diabetes obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is in addition to obesity, hyperlipidemia and arterial hypertension a common comorbidity which is characterized by repetitive apnea, arousals from sleep and surges of heart rate and arterial blood pressure. Symptoms related to OSA include morning tiredness, daytime hypersomnolence, nocturnal dyspnea and nocturia and justify treatment of OSA. Patients with type 2 diabetes can profit from treatment of OSA in terms of symptom relief, blood pressure lowering effects and potential beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. Diagnostics of OSA with an ambulatory polygraphy is indicated in patients with type 2 diabetes and OSA-related symptoms or other typical clinical signs for OSA, such as arterial hypertension refractory to drug treatment or non-dipping in 24 h blood pressure monitoring.

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Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist für sich und seinen Koautor auf folgende Beziehungen hin: Forschungsunterstützung und Vortragshonorare von den Firmen ResMed und Philips Home Healthcare Solutions.

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  1. Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland

    M. Arzt & R. Luigart

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  1. M. Arzt
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  2. R. Luigart
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Correspondence to M. Arzt.

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Arzt, M., Luigart, R. Obstruktive Schlafapnoe bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes. Diabetologe 8, 415–425 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-012-0929-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-012-0929-7

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