References
Anderson, S.R., Zhang, J., Steele, M.R., Romero, C.O., Kautzman, A.G., Schafer, D.P., and Vetter, M.L. (2019). Complement targets newborn retinal ganglion cells for phagocytic elimination by microglia. J Neurosci 39, 2025–2040.
Bodeutsch, N., and Thanos, S. (2000). Migration of phagocytotic cells and development of the murine intraretinal microglial network: an in vivo study using fluorescent dyes. Glia 32, 91–101.
Eiraku, M., Takata, N., Ishibashi, H., Kawada, M., Sakakura, E., Okuda, S., Sekiguchi, K., Adachi, T., and Sasai, Y. (2011). Self-organizing optic-cup morphogenesis in three-dimensional culture. Nature 472, 51–56.
Gao, M.L., Zhang, X., Han, F., Xu, J., Yu, S.J., Jin, K., and Jin, Z.B. (2022). Functional microglia derived from human pluripotent stem cells empower retinal organ. Sci China Life Sci doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-021-2086-0.
Huang, Y., Xu, Z., Xiong, S., Qin, G., Sun, F., Yang, J., Yuan, T.F., Zhao, L., Wang, K., Liang, Y.X., et al. (2018a). Dual extra-retinal origins of microglia in the model of retinal microglia repopulation. Cell Discov 4, 9.
Huang, Y., Xu, Z., Xiong, S., Sun, F., Qin, G., Hu, G., Wang, J., Zhao, L., Liang, Y.X., Wu, T., et al. (2018b). Repopulated microglia are solely derived from the proliferation of residual microglia after acute depletion. Nat Neurosci 21, 530–540.
Jin, Z.B., Gao, M.L., Deng, W.L., Wu, K.C., Sugita, S., Mandai, M., and Takahashi, M. (2019). Stemming retinal regeneration with pluripotent stem cells. Prog Retinal Eye Res 69, 38–56.
Rao, Y., Du, S., Yang, B., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Li, R., Zhou, T., Du, X., He, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2021). NeuroD1 induces microglial apoptosis and cannot induce microglia-to-neuron cross-lineage reprogramming. Neuron 109, 4094–4108.e5.
Rashid, K., Akhtar-Schaefer, I., and Langmann, T. (2019). Microglia in retinal degeneration. Front Immunol 10, 1975.
Xu, Z., Rao, Y., Huang, Y., Zhou, T., Feng, R., Xiong, S., Yuan, T.F., Qin, S., Lu, Y., Zhou, X., et al. (2020). Efficient strategies for microglia replacement in the central nervous system. Cell Rep 32, 108041.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Compliance and ethics The author(s) declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Y., Peng, B. Unlimited source of human microglia inspiring physiopathological and translational studies of the central nervous system. Sci. China Life Sci. 65, 1683–1684 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-022-2128-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-022-2128-1