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Genome-wide signatures of mammalian skin covering evolution

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Abstract

Animal body coverings provide protection and allow for adaptation to environmental pressures such as heat, ultraviolet radiation, water loss, and mechanical forces. Here, using a comparative genomics analysis of 39 mammal species spanning three skin covering types (hairless, scaly and spiny), we found some genes (e.g., UVRAG, POLH, and XPC) involved in skin inflammation, skin innate immunity, and ultraviolet radiation damage repair were under selection in hairless ocean mammals (e.g., whales and manatees). These signatures might be associated with a high risk of skin diseases from pathogens and ultraviolet radiation. Moreover, the genomes from three spiny mammal species shared convergent genomic regions (EPHB2, EPHA4, and NIN) and unique positively selected genes (FZD6, INVS, and CDC42) involved in skin cell polarity, which might be related to the development of spines. In scaly mammals, the shared convergent genomic regions (e.g., FREM2) were associated with the integrity of the skin epithelium and epidermal adhesion. This study identifies potential convergent genomic features among distantly related mammals with the same skin covering type.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Fund for Outstanding Youth Fund (31222009, 31272295, 31570489, 81622048 and 81473377), the Project of Quality Guarantee System of Chinese Herbal Medicines (201507002), Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province (BK20140049) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

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  1. Contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Peng Cao

  2. College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China

    Lifeng Zhu

  3. University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, 68181, USA

    Guoqing Lu & Lifeng Zhu

  4. DNA Stories Bioinformatics Center, Chengdu, 610021, China

    Cao Deng, Shishan Qin & Jian Yang

  5. PubBio-Tech Services Corporation, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Xiang Zhao & Zhiwen Wang

  6. Sichuan Station of Wildlife survey and Management, Chengdu, 610082, China

    Xiaodong Gu

  7. Nanjing Foreign Language School Xianlin Branch, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Ran Ju

  8. Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China

    Zhisong Yang

  9. Shimian Research Center of Giant Panda Small Population Conservation and Rejuvenation, Shimian, 625400, China

    Qinlong Dai

  10. Liziping Natural Reserve, Shimian, 625400, China

    Qinlong Dai

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  1. Peng Cao
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Peng Cao or Lifeng Zhu.

Additional information

Data availability

The raw genome datasets are deposited in NCBI (PRJNA490788 and PRJNA490787). The full gene list involved in this manuscript could be found in Table S32 in Supporting Information.

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The author(s) declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Cao, P., Dai, Q., Deng, C. et al. Genome-wide signatures of mammalian skin covering evolution. Sci. China Life Sci. 64, 1765–1780 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1841-5

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