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Interactions between commensal bacteria and viral infection: insights for viral disease control in farmed animals

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Abstract

Viral diseases cause serious economic loss in farmed animals industry. However, the efficacy of remedies for viral infection in farmed animals is limited, and treatment strategies are generally lacking for aquatic animals. Interactions of commensal microbiota and viral infection have been studied in recent years, demonstrating a third player in the interaction between hosts and viruses. Here, we discuss recent developments in the research of interactions between commensal bacteria and viral infection, including both promotion and inhibition effect of commensal bacteria on viral pathogenesis, as well as the impact of viral infection on commensal microbiota. The antiviral effect of commensal bacteria is mostly achieved through priming or regulation of the host immune responses, involving differential microbial components and host signaling pathways, and gives rise to various antiviral probiotics. Moreover, we summarize studies related to the interaction between commensal bacteria and viral infection in farmed animals, including pigs, chickens, fish and invertebrate species. Further studies in this area will deepen our understanding of antiviral immunity of farmed animals in the context of commensal microbiota, and promote the development of novel strategies for treatment of viral diseases in farmed animals.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0900400) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31925038, 31872584, 31972807)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Chao Ran, Yalin Yang & Zhen Zhang

  2. Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Yu Li, Yadong Xie, Mingxu Xie, Yuting Zhang, Wei Zhou & Zhigang Zhou

  3. College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Yu Li, Xufa Ma & Kaijian Wei

  4. State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China

    Li Zhou

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  1. Chao Ran
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Correspondence to Kaijian Wei or Zhigang Zhou.

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Ran, C., Li, Y., Ma, X. et al. Interactions between commensal bacteria and viral infection: insights for viral disease control in farmed animals. Sci. China Life Sci. 64, 1437–1448 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1721-5

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