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Understanding the proteome encoded by “non-coding RNAs”: new insights into human genome

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Abstract

A great number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) account for the majority of the genome. The translation of these ncRNAs has been noted but seriously underestimated due to both technological and theoretical limitations. Based on the development of ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq), full length translating RNA analysis (RNC-seq) and mass spectrometry technology, more and more ncRNAs are being found to be translated in different organism, and some of them can produce functional peptides. While recently, not only individual new functional proteins, but also a new proteome have been experimentally discovered to be encoded by endogenous lncRNAs and circRNAs. These new proteins are of biological significance, suggesting the connection of the translation of ncRNAs to human physiology and diseases. Therefore, an in-depth and systematic understanding of the coding capabilities of ncRNAs is necessary for basic biology and medicine. In this review, we summarize the advances in the field of discovering this new proteome, i.e. “ncRNA-coded” proteins.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2017YFA0505100, 2017YFA0505001, 2018YFC0910202) and the National Natural and Science Foundation of China (81372135 to TW; 81322028 and 31300649 to GZ; 31570828 and 31770888 to Q.Y.H.).

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  1. MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China

    Shaohua Lu, Tong Wang, Gong Zhang & Qing-Yu He

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Lu, S., Wang, T., Zhang, G. et al. Understanding the proteome encoded by “non-coding RNAs”: new insights into human genome. Sci. China Life Sci. 63, 986–995 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-019-1677-8

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