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Science China Life Sciences

, Volume 60, Issue 4, pp 333–344 | Cite as

Visualization of reticulophagy in living cells using an endoplasmic reticulum-targeted p62 mutant

  • Liang Wang
  • Lei Liu
  • Lingsong Qin
  • Qingming Luo
  • Zhihong ZhangEmail author
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Abstract

Reticulophagy is a type of selective autophagy in which protein aggregate-containing and/or damaged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) fragments are engulfed for lysosomal degradation, which is important for ER homeostasis. Several chemical drugs and mutant proteins that promote protein aggregate formation within the ER lumen can efficiently induce reticulophagy in mammalian cells. However, the exact mechanism and cellular localization of reticulophagy remain unclear. In this report, we took advantage of the self-oligomerization property of p62/SQSTM1, an adaptor for selective autophagy, and developed a novel reticulophagy system based on an ER-targeted p62 mutant to investigate the process of reticulophagy in living cells. LC3 conversion analysis via western blot suggested that p62 mutant aggregate-induced ER stress triggered a cellular autophagic response. Confocal imaging showed that in cells with moderate aggregation conditions, the aggregates of ER-targeted p62 mutants were efficiently sequestered by autophagosomes, which was characterized by colocalization with the autophagosome precursor marker ATG16L1, the omegasome marker DFCP1, and the late autophagosomal marker LC3/GATE-16. Moreover, time-lapse imaging data demonstrated that the LC3- or DFCP1-positive protein aggregates are tightly associated with the reticular structures of the ER, thereby suggesting that reticulophagy occurs at the ER and that omegasomes may be involved in this process.

Keywords

reticulophagy protein aggregates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) LC3 p62 autophagosomes omegasomes 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Nicholas T. Ktistakis (Babraham Institute) for providing mRFP-LC3, Dr. Roger Tsien (University of California) for pRSETB-mRFP1, pRSETB-mCherry, and mt-roGFP1, Dr. David Piston (Vanderbilt University School of Medicine) for pmCerulean-C1 and mCitrine-N1, Dr. Joel Swanson (University of Michigan Medical School) for pmCitrine-C1, Dr. Peter Verveer (Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology) for pEGFR-EGFP, Dr. Jun Chu (Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics) for mLumin-N1, and Dr. Noboru Mizushima (Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science) for ATG5−/− MEFs. We thank Scientific Imaging facility of Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (USA) for part of the confocal imaging experiments. We also thank the Analytical and Testing Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology for spectral measurements. This work was supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91442201), the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (81625012), and the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61421064).

Supplementary material

11427_2015_9037_MOESM1_ESM.docx (2.4 mb)
cVisualization of reticulophagy in living cells using an endoplasmic reticulum-targeted p62 mutant
11427_2015_9037_MOESM2_ESM.avi (3.7 mb)
Supplementary material, approximately 3.67 MB.
11427_2015_9037_MOESM3_ESM.avi (2.6 mb)
Supplementary material, approximately 2.63 MB.

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Copyright information

© Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Heidelberg 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Liang Wang
    • 1
    • 2
  • Lei Liu
    • 1
    • 2
  • Lingsong Qin
    • 1
    • 2
  • Qingming Luo
    • 1
    • 2
  • Zhihong Zhang
    • 1
    • 2
    Email author
  1. 1.Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
  2. 2.MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina

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