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Sequencing, annotation and comparative analysis of nine BACs of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

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Abstract

A 10-fold BAC library for giant panda was constructed and nine BACs were selected to generate finish sequences. These BACs could be used as a validation resource for the de novo assembly accuracy of the whole genome shotgun sequencing reads of giant panda newly generated by the Illumina GA sequencing technology. Complete sanger sequencing, assembly, annotation and comparative analysis were carried out on the selected BACs of a joint length 878 kb. Homologue search and de novo prediction methods were used to annotate genes and repeats. Twelve protein coding genes were predicted, seven of which could be functionally annotated. The seven genes have an average gene size of about 41 kb, an average coding size of about 1.2 kb and an average exon number of 6 per gene. Besides, seven tRNA genes were found. About 27 percent of the BAC sequence is composed of repeats. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using neighbor-join algorithm across five species, including giant panda, human, dog, cat and mouse, which reconfirms dog as the most related species to giant panda. Our results provide detailed sequence and structure information for new genes and repeats of giant panda, which will be helpful for further studies on the giant panda.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China

    Yang Zheng

  2. College of Life Science, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Yang Zheng

  3. Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China

    Yang Zheng, JianWen Li, Bo Li, Runmao Lin, Feng Tian, XiaoLing Wang & Jun Wang

  4. CAS-Max Planck Junior Research Group on Evolutionary Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, 650223, China

    Jing Cai

  5. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark

    Jun Wang

  6. School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    JianWen Li

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  1. Yang Zheng
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  2. Jing Cai
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  3. JianWen Li
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  4. Bo Li
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  7. XiaoLing Wang
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  8. Jun Wang
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Correspondence to Jun Wang.

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Zheng, Y., Cai, J., Li, J. et al. Sequencing, annotation and comparative analysis of nine BACs of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Sci. China Life Sci. 53, 107–111 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-010-0001-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-010-0001-z

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