Skip to main content
Log in

Early-phase clinical trials of anti-HIV drugs—understanding and discussion

  • Review
  • Published:
Science in China Series C: Life Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Innovative anti-HIV drugs developed by local sponsors in China have come into the stage of early-phase clinical trials. How to systemically design the clinical trials of innovative anti-HIV drugs still remains a challenge for them. This article references the literature and the experience of reviewers, to introduce general considerations concerning early-phase clinical trials of innovative anti-HIV drugs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. US Food and Drug Administration. Fuzeon (enfuvirtide): Clinical Pharmacology Biopharmaceutics Review(s). http://www.fda.gov/der/foi/nda/2003/021481_fuzeon_review.htm, 2003-7-23

  2. US Food and Drug Administration. Prezista (Darunavir): Clinical Pharmacology Biopharmaceutics Review(s). http://www.fda.gov/der/oi/nda/2006/021976s000_SprycelTOC.htm, 2006-9-6

  3. US Food and Drug Administration. Isentress (raltegravir): Clinical Pharmacology Biopharmaceutics Review(s). http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/nda/2007/022145_Isentress.htm, 2008-2-22

  4. European Medicines Agency. Guideline on the clinical development of medical products for the treatment of HIV infection. http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/human/ewp/063302enrev2.pdf, 2007-10-18

  5. State Food and Drug Administration. Technical Guidelines on Clinical Pharmacokinetic Studies of Chemical Drugs. http://www.sda.gov.cn/gsz05106/07.pdf. 2005-3

  6. ICH E8. General considerations for clinical trials. http://www.ich.org/cache/compo/276-254-1.html, 1997-7

  7. ICH E4. Dose-Response Information to Support Drug Registration. http://www.ich.org/cache/compo/276-254-1.html, 1994-3

  8. HIV/AIDS Group of the Society of Infectious Diseases, CMA. HIV/AIDS Treatment Guidelines. Chin J Infect Dis, 2006, 24(2): 133–144

    Google Scholar 

  9. Barditch-Crovo P, Deeks SG, Collier A, et al. Phase I/II trial of the pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiretroviral activity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2001, 45(10): 2733–2739, 11557462, 10.1128/AAC.45.10.2733-2739.2001, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXntFCis7g%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Markowitz M, Morales-Ramirez J O, Nguyen B Y, et al. Antiretroviral activity, pharmacokinetics, and tolerability of MK-0518, a novel inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase, dosed as monotherapy for 10 days in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2006, 43(5): 509–515, 17133211, 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31802b4956, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1Cnt7%2FE

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Arastéh K, Clumeck N, Pozniak A, et al. TMC114/ritonavir substitution for protease inhibitor(s) in a non-suppressive antiretroviral regimen: a 14-day proof-of-principle trial. AIDS, 2005, 19(9): 943–947, 15905675, 10.1097/01.aids.0000171408.38490.01

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Grinsztejn B, Nguyen B Y, Katlama C, et al. Safety and efficacy of the HIV-1 integrase inhibitor raltegravir (MK-0518) in treatment-experienced patients with multidrug-resistant virus: a phase II randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2007, 369(9569): 1261–1269, 17434401, 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60597-2, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXktF2hu7c%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. US Food and Drug Administration. Antiretroviral Drugs Using Plasma HIV RNA Measurements — Clinical Considerations for Accelerated and Traditional Approval. http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/3647fnl.pdf, 2002-10

  14. Zhang X, Lalezari J P, Badley A D, et al. Assessment of drug-drug interaction potential of enfuvirtide in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2004, 75(6): 558–568, 15179410, 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.02.003, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXkslWmt7o%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. US Food and Drug Administration. Drug Metabolism/Drug Interaction Studies in the Drug Development Process: Studies In Vitro. http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/clin3.pdf. 1997

  16. US Food and Drug Administration. In Vivo Drug Metabolism/Drug Interaction Studies — Study Design, Data Analysis, and Recommendations for Dosing and Labeling. http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/2635fnl.pdf. 1999-11

  17. US Food and Drug Administration. Drug Interaction Studies — Study Design, Data Analysis, and Implications for Dosing and Labeling. http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/6695dft.pdf. 2006

  18. European Medicines Agency. Note for guildance on the Investigation of Drug Interactions. http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/human/ewp/056095en.pdf. 1998

  19. US Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Submitting HIV Resistance Data. http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/7070fnlHIV.pdf. 2006

  20. US Food and Drug Administration. Role of HIV Drug Resistance Testing in Antiretroviral Drug Development. http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/7688fnl.pdf.2007

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to YaJie Li.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Li, Y., Zhao, M. & Zhao, D. Early-phase clinical trials of anti-HIV drugs—understanding and discussion. SCI CHINA SER C 52, 521–527 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-009-0073-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-009-0073-9

Keywords

Navigation