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Mechanisms of invasive population establishment and spread of pinewood nematodes in China

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Abstract

This paper summarizes the results of our study of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). By population genetic analysis, it was determined that there was no genetic bottle caused by the founder effect and genetic drift in the Chinese invasive population. Multiple invasions with large amounts of nematodes from different sources led to rich genetic diversity in the invasive population. Keeping high genetic diversity in the invasive process may be one of the genetic mechanisms in its successful invasion. By testing interspecies competition, it was shown that, with high fecundity and a strong competitive ability, B. xylophilus outcompeted the native species B. mucronatus in the natural ecosystem during the invasion process. Competitive displacement may be one of the ecological mechanisms of B. xylophilus’s invasion. In addition, an unequal interspecific hybridization with introgress was in favor of the invasive species which also accelerated the replacement of B. mucronatus by B. xylophilus. The structures, functions and evolutions of a few important genes that are closely related to the ecological adaptation of pinewood nematodes were studied to explore the molecular mechanism of its ecological adaptations. Further, the resistance and resilience mechanism of the pine ecosystem invaded by pinewood nematodes was also investigated. The results of these studies uncovered a portion of the genetic and ecological mechanisms of PWN’s successful invasion and laid a foundation for further study to obtain a comprehensive interpretation of the mechanisms of the nematode invasion. The results also provided a scientific basis for effectively controlling the occurrence and spread of pine wilt disease which is caused by nematodes. Various aspects requiring further investigation are considered.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    BingYan Xie & ShuMing Dai

  2. Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    XinYue Cheng & Fei Xue Cheng

  3. Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China

    Juan Shi & YouQing Luo

  4. Chinese Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China

    QingWen Zhang

Authors
  1. BingYan Xie
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  2. XinYue Cheng
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  3. Juan Shi
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  4. QingWen Zhang
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  5. ShuMing Dai
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  6. Fei Xue Cheng
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  7. YouQing Luo
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Correspondence to BingYan Xie.

Additional information

Supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2009CB119200 and 2002CB111400).

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Xie, B., Cheng, X., Shi, J. et al. Mechanisms of invasive population establishment and spread of pinewood nematodes in China. SCI CHINA SER C 52, 587–594 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-009-0071-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-009-0071-y

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