Abstract
A strain D3 of denitrifying bacterium was isolated from an anammox reactor, and identified as Pseudomonas mendocina based on the morphological and physiological assay, Vitek test, Biolog test, (G+C) mol% content, and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis. As a typical denitrifying bacterium, strain D3 achieved the maximal nitrate reduction rate of 26.2 mg/(L·d) at the nitrate concentration of 88.5 mg N/L. The optimal pH and growth temperature were 7.84 and 34.9°C, respectively. Strain D3 was able to oxidize ammonia under anaerobic condition. The maximum nitrate and ammonium utilization rates were 6.37 mg/(L·d) and 3.34 mg/(L·d), respectively, and the consumption ratio of ammonia to nitrate was 1:1.91. Electron microscopic observation revealed peculiar cell in clusions in strain D3. Because of its relation to anammox activity, strain D3 was presumed to be anammoxosome. The present investigation proved that denitrifying bacteria have the anammox ability, and the results have engorged the range of anammox populations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
van de Graaf A A, Mulder A, De Bruijn P, et al. Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium is a biologically mediated process. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1995, 61(4): 1246–1251
van de Graaf A A, De Bruijn P, Robertson L A, et al. Autotrophlic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms in a fluidized bed reactor. Microbiology, 1996, 142(8): 2187–2196
Fux C, Boehler M, Huber P, et al. Biological treatment of ammonium-rich wastewater by partial nitritation and subsequent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in a pilot plant. J Biotech, 2002, 99: 295–306
Kuai L, Verstraete W. Ammonia removal by the oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification-denitrification system. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1998, 64(11): 4500–4506
Sliekers AO, Derwort N, Gomez JLC, et al. Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite in one single reactor. Water Research, 2002, 36: 2475–2482
Strous M, Jetten MSM. Anaerobic oxidation of methane and ammonium. Annual Rev Microbiol, 2004, 58: 99–117
Dalsgaard T, Canfield D E, Petersen J, et al. N2 Production by the anammox reaction in the anoxic water column of Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. Nature, 2003, 422(6932): 606–608
Strous M, Heijnen J J, Kuenen J G, et al. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 1998, 50(27): 589–596
Strous M, Fuerst JA, Kramer EHM, et al. Missing lithotroph identified as new planctomycete. Nature, 1999, 400: 446–449
Egli K, Fanger U, Alvarez PJJ, et al. Enrichment and characterization of an anammox bacterium from a rotating biological contactor treating ammonium-rich leachate. Arch Microbiol, 2001, 175: 198–207
Kuypers M M M, Sliekers A O, Lavik G, et al. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by anammox bacteria in the black sea. Nature, 2003, 422(6932): 608–611
Schmid M, Walsh K, Webb R, et al. Candidatus “Scalindua brodae”, sp. nov., Candidatus “Scalindua wagnei”, sp. nov., two new species of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria. System Appl Microbiol, 2003, 26: 529–538
Lin F M, Zheng P, Zhao Y Y, et al. Performance of internal-loop air-lift nitrifying bioreactor. Chin J Biotech (in Chinese), 2002, 18(4): 492–496
Zheng P, Lin F M, Hu B L, et al. Start-up of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bioreactor with nitrifying activated sludge. J Environ Sci, 2004, 16(1): 13–16
Garland J L, Millis A L. Classification and characterization of heterotrophic microbial communities on the basis of patterns of community-level sole-carbon-source utilization. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1991, 57: 2351–2359
Dong X Z, Cai M Y. Manual of Identification for General Bacteriology (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press, 2001. 353–364
Van de Graaf, de Bruijn P, Robertson LA, et al. Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms in a fluidized bed reactor. Microbiology, 1996, 142: 2187–2196
Zheng P, Hu B L, Xu X Y, et al. Study on electron acceptor of mixed microbial culture for anaerobic ammonia oxidation. Chin J Appl Environ Biol (in Chinese), 1998, 4(1): 74–76
Broda, E. Two kinds of lithotrophis missing in nature. Z Allg Mikrobiol, 1977, 17: 491–493
Mulder A, Van de Graaf, Robertson L A, et al. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 1995, 16(3): 177–183
Sinninghe-Damste J S, Strous M, Rijpstra W I, et al. Linearly concatenated cyclobutane (ladderane) lipids form a dense bacterial membrane. Nature, 2002, 419: 708–712
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hu, B., Zheng, P., Li, J. et al. Identification of a denitrifying bacterium and verification of its anaerobic ammonium oxidation ability. SCI CHINA SER C 49, 460–466 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-006-2018-x
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-006-2018-x