Abstract
Water electrolysis is an important way for high-purity hydrogen production. However, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as a key reaction, has a high energy barrier, and the associated catalyst is prone to failure. Therefore, efficient and stable OER catalysts are urgently required. Compared with commercial iridium oxide (IrO2), ruthenium oxide (RuO2) has a lower price and higher catalytic activity for OER due to its location at the near-top of the volcano plot, but has lower structural stability. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the failure mechanism of RuO2 is conducive to the reaction pathway design and structural modulation for obtaining higher stable RuO2 catalysts. Here, we discuss recent advances in the enhancement of the stability of RuO2 catalysts. First, we analyze in depth the three failure modes of RuO2, including the oxidation of Ru, the lattice oxygen evolution, and the catalyst exfoliation during the OER process. Second, to improve the durability of RuO2 catalysts, five modification strategies, comprising defective engineering, strain engineering, phase engineering, interface engineering and microenvironmental engineering, are summarized, and corresponding enhancement mechanisms are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and possible solutions for further breakthroughs of RuO2 catalysts are proposed, and the future research trends and prospects of RuO2 catalysts are also envisioned. Undoubtedly, this work will contribute to the understanding and design of highly stable OER catalysts and beyond.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Song L, Guo L, Mao J, Li Z, Zhu J, Lai J, Chi J, Wang L. ACS Catal, 2024, 14: 6981–6991
Xu HM, Zhu HR, Huang CJ, Zhang ZJ, Shuai TY, Zhan QN, Li GR. Sci China Chem, 2024, 67: 1137–1160
Chen D, Bai H, Zhu J, Wu C, Zhao H, Wu D, Jiao J, Ji P, Mu S. Adv Energy Mater, 2023, 13: 2300499
Li X, Wu T, Li N, Zhang S, Chang W, Chi J, Liu X, Wang L. Adv Funct Mater, 2024, 34: 2400734
Zhao H, Chen D, Yu R, Jiao J, Zeng W, Zhu J, Mu X, Yao Y, Wu D, Zhang Y, Wu J, Mu S. Nano Energy, 2024, 121: 109247
Hung CK, Thiruppathi AR, Burns N, McGuire C, Quintal J, Jiang DT, Kycia S, Chen A. ACS Catal, 2024, 14: 5416–5428
Liu SQ, Xie S, Wu S, Yang Y, Lei PX, Luo S, Feng R, Fu XZ, Luo JL. Adv Funct Mater, 2024, n/a: 2404105
Tang YJ, Lan YQ. Sci China Chem, 2023, 66: 943–965
Gao M, Sheng W, Zhuang Z, Fang Q, Gu S, Jiang J, Yan Y. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136: 7077–7084
Liu M, Zhang YQ, Wang X, Lang F, Li N, Bu XH. Sci China Chem, 2023, 66: 2754–2779
Qin K, Yu H, Zhu W, Zhou Y, Guo Z, Shao Q, Wu Y, Wang X, Li Y, Ji Y, Liao F, Liu Y, Kang Z, Shao M. Adv Funct Mater, 2024, n/a: 2402226
Jia W, Cao X, Chen X, Qin H, Miao L, Wang Q, Jiao L. Small, 2024, 20: 2310464
Jiang J, Liu Z, Pan S, Xia X, Qin B, Hu Y, Wang X, Lan J, Gu Y, Ou E, Xu W, Richardson JJ, Guo R. Sci China Chem, 2024, 67: 398–407
Sun H, Xu X, Kim H, Shao Z, Jung WC. InfoMat, 2024, 6: e12494
Zhao S, Hung SF, Deng L, Zeng WJ, Xiao T, Li S, Kuo CH, Chen HY, Hu F, Peng S. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 2728
Nieto-Rosado M, Sands K, Portal EAR, Thomson KM, Carvalho MJ, Mathias J, Milton R, Dyer C, Akpulu C, Boostrom I, Hogan P, Saif H, Sanches Ferreira AD, Hender T, Portal B, Andrews R, Watkins WJ, Zahra R, Shirazi H, Muhammad A, Ullah SN, Jan MH, Akif S, Iregbu KC, Modibbo F, Uwaezuoke S, Audu L, Edwin CP, Yusuf AH, Adeleye A, Mukkadas AS, Mazarati JB, Rucogoza A, Gaju L, Mehtar S, Bulabula ANH, Whitelaw A, Roberts L, Chan G, Bekele D, Solomon S, Abayneh M, Metaferia G, Walsh TR, Group B. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 2758
Wang X, Hou Z, Zhan N, Guo Z, Zhao Y. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2023, 340: 123186
Zhao G, Guo W, Shan M, Fang Y, Wang G, Gao M, Liu Y, Pan H, Sun W. Adv Mater, 2024, 36: 2404213
Chang J, Shi Y, Wu H, Yu J, Jing W, Wang S, Waterhouse GIN, Tang Z, Lu S. J Am Chem Soc, 2024, 146: 12958–12968
Lu J, Liu Y, Liang HP. Sci China Chem, 2024, 67: 687–695
Jiang Y, Liu H, Jiang Y, Mao Y, Shen W, Li M, He R. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2023, 324: 122294
Shah K, Dai R, Mateen M, Hassan Z, Zhuang Z, Liu C, Israr M, Cheong W-, Hu B, Tu R, Zhang C, Chen X, Peng Q, Chen C, Li Y. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2022, 61: e202114951
Yang XX, Sun X, Gan LY, Sun L, Mi H, Zhang P, Ren X, Li Y. J Mater Chem A, 2020, 8: 15140–15147
Liu L, Cao J, Hu S, Liu T, Xu C, Fu W, Ma X, Yang X. J Energy Chem, 2024, 93: 568–579
Zhu J, Lu R, Xia F, Wang P, Chen D, Chen L, Yu J, Zhao Y, Wu J, Mu S. Nano Energy, 2023, 110: 108349
He W, Tan X, Guo Y, Xiao Y, Cui H, Wang C. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2024, 63: e202405798
Xu J, Jin H, Lu T, Li J, Liu Y, Davey K, Zheng Y, Qiao SZ. Sci Adv, 2023, 9: eadh1718
Wang Q, Cheng Y, Tao HB, Liu Y, Ma X, Li DS, Yang HB, Liu B. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2023, 62: e202216645
Liang J, Li Z, He X, Luo Y, Zheng D, Wang Y, Li T, Ying B, Sun S, Cai Z, Liu Q, Tang B, Sun X. Mater Today, 2023, 69: 193–235
Chang G, Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Yan P, Wu HB, Yu XY. Small, 2023, 19: 2206768
Long X, Zhao B, Zhao Q, Wu X, Zhu MN, Feng R, Shakouri M, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Zhang J, Fu XZ, Luo JL. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2024, 343: 123559
Li L, Zhang G, Zhou C, Lv F, Tan Y, Han Y, Luo H, Wang D, Liu Y, Shang C, Zeng L, Huang Q, Zeng R, Ye N, Luo M, Guo S. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 4974
Jin H, Liu X, An P, Tang C, Yu H, Zhang Q, Peng HJ, Gu L, Zheng Y, Song T, Davey K, Paik U, Dong J, Qiao SZ. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 354
Ping X, Liu Y, Zheng L, Song Y, Guo L, Chen S, Wei Z. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 2501
Zhang D, Li M, Yong X, Song H, Waterhouse GIN, Yi Y, Xue B, Zhang D, Liu B, Lu S. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 2517
Yu Y, Li H, Liu J, Xu W, Zhang D, Xiong J, Li B, Omelchuk AO, Lai J, Wang L. J Mater Chem A, 2022, 10: 21260–21265
Song Q, Xue Z, Liu C, Qiao X, Liu L, Huang C, Liu K, Li X, Lu Z, Wang T. J Am Chem Soc, 2020, 142: 1857–1863
Yu J, Hu K, Zhang Z, Luo L, Liu Y, Zhou D, Wang F, Kuang Y, Xu H, Li H, Duan H, Sun X. Energy Environ Sci, 2023, 16: 2068–2079
Xu S, Zhang P, Zhao R, Wook Bae J, Li H, Yong Lee J, Yoo PJ. Chem Eng J, 2024, 482: 148787
Wetzel A, Morell D, von der Au M, Wittstock G, Ozcan O, Witt J. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2024, 63: e202317058
Du K, Zhang L, Shan J, Guo J, Mao J, Yang CC, Wang CH, Hu Z, Ling T. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 5448
Liu H, Zhang Z, Fang J, Li M, Sendeku MG, Wang X, Wu H, Li Y, Ge J, Zhuang Z, Zhou D, Kuang Y, Sun X. Joule, 2023, 7: 558–573
Hubert MKA, Patel AM, Gallo A, Liu Y, Valle E, Ben-Naim M, Sanchez J, Sokaras D, Sinclair R, Nørskov JK, King LA, Bajdich M, Jaramillo TF. ACS Catal, 2020, 10: 12182–12196
Zheng X, Yang J, Xu X, Dou S, Sun W, Wang D, Wang G. Adv Energy Mater, 2024, 14: 2401227
Li X, Deng C, Kong Y, Huo Q, Mi L, Sun J, Cao J, Shao J, Chen X, Zhou W, Lv M, Chai X, Yang H, Hu Q, He C. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2023, 62: e202309732
Chen M, Kitiphatpiboon N, Feng C, Abudula A, Ma Y, Guan G. eScience, 2023, 3: 100111
Chen Y, Shang C, Xiao X, Guo W, Xu Q. Coord Chem Rev, 2024, 508: 215758
Jo S, Jeon JI, Shin KH, Zhang L, Lee KB, Hong J, Sohn JI. Adv Mater, 2024, 36: 2314211
Zhang R, Wu Q, Sherrell P, Li D, Huang K, Chen J, Yao X. Sci China Chem, 2023, 66: 2221–2237
Li S, Zhao S, Hu F, Li L, Ren J, Jiao L, Ramakrishna S, Peng S. Prog Mater Sci, 2024, 145: 101294
Wang P, Zhang S, Wang Z, Mo Y, Luo X, Yang F, Lv M, Li Z, Liu X. J Mater Chem A, 2023, 11: 5476–5494
Pan Y, Wang Z, Wang K, Ye Q, Shen B, Yang F, Cheng Y. Adv Funct Mater, 2024, n/a: 2402264
Xu S, Feng S, Yu Y, Xue D, Liu M, Wang C, Zhao K, Xu B, Zhang JN. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 1720
Hao S, Liu M, Pan J, Liu X, Tan X, Xu N, He Y, Lei L, Zhang X. Nat Commun, 2020, 11: 5368
Chen H, Zhang X, Geng S, Song S, Wang Y. Small Methods, 2022, 6: 2200636
Binninger T, Mohamed R, Waltar K, Fabbri E, Levecque P, Kötz R, Schmidt TJ. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 12167
Han B, Stoerzinger KA, Tileli V, Gamalski AD, Stach EA, Shao-Horn Y. Nat Mater, 2017, 16: 121–126
Yang Y, Yang Y, Pei Z, Wu KH, Tan C, Wang H, Wei L, Mahmood A, Yan C, Dong J, Zhao S, Chen Y. Matter, 2020, 3: 1442–1476
Liang C, Pan W, Zou P, Liu P, Liu K, Zhao G, Fan HJ, Yang C. Small, 2022, 18: 2203663
Wang J, Liang C, Ma X, Liu P, Pan W, Zhu H, Guo Z, Sui Y, Liu H, Liu L, Yang C. Adv Mater, 2024, 36: 2307925
Kou T, Wang S, Shi R, Zhang T, Chiovoloni S, Lu JQ, Chen W, Worsley MA, Wood BC, Baker SE, Duoss EB, Wu R, Zhu C, Li Y. Adv Energy Mater, 2020, 10: 2002955
Qin Q, Wang T, Li Z, Zhang G, Jang H, Hou L, Wang Y, Gyu Kim M, Liu S, Liu X. J Energy Chem, 2024, 88: 94–102
Hu Q, Qi S, Huo Q, Zhao Y, Sun J, Chen X, Lv M, Zhou W, Feng C, Chai X, Yang H, He C. J Am Chem Soc, 2024, 146: 2967–2976
Wang Y, Hao YX, Wang L, Li C, Ren J, Sun Y, Hu F, Li L, Peng S. Inorg Chem Front, 2023, 10: 6015–6022
Zhao ZL, Wang Q, Huang X, Feng Q, Gu S, Zhang Z, Xu H, Zeng L, Gu M, Li H. Energy Environ Sci, 2020, 13: 5143–5151
She X, Zhu X, Yang J, Song Y, She Y, Liu D, Wu J, Yu Q, Li H, Liu Z, Ajayan PM, Xu H. Nano Energy, 2021, 84: 105869
Yang X, Ouyang B, Zhao L, Shen Q, Chen G, Sun Y, Li C, Xu K. J Am Chem Soc, 2023, 145: 27010–27021
Wang C, Geng Q, Fan L, Li JX, Ma L, Li C. Nano Res Energy, 2023, 2: e9120070
Chen D, Yu R, Yu K, Lu R, Zhao H, Jiao J, Yao Y, Zhu J, Wu J, Mu S. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 3928
Li F. Science, 2022, 375: 618–619
Zhao S, Hu F, Yin L, Li L, Peng S. Sci Bull, 2023, 68: 1389–1398
Pan J, Li T, Shan Y. Physica Rapid Res Ltrs, 2023, 17: 2300124
Ren JT, Chen L, Wang HY, Tian WW, Zhang X, Ma TY, Zhou Z, Yuan ZY. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2023, 327: 122466
Wu KH, Liu Y, Tan X, Liu Y, Lin Y, Huang X, Ding Y, Su BJ, Zhang B, Chen JM, Yan W, Smith SC, Gentle IR, Zhao S. Chem Catal, 2022, 2: 372–385
Cheng XF, He JH, Ji HQ, Zhang HY, Cao Q, Sun WJ, Yan CL, Lu JM. Adv Mater, 2022, 34: 2205767
Liang J, Gao X, Xu K, Lu J, Liu D, Zhao Z, Tse ECM, Peng Z, Zhang W, Liu J. Small, 2023, 19: 2304889
Wang Y, Lei X, Zhang B, Bai B, Das P, Azam T, Xiao J, Wu Z-. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2024, 63: e202316903
Ren M, Zhu X, Luo Q, Li X, Yang J. Nanoscale, 2023, 15: 10661–10666
Wang JQ, Xi C, Wang M, Shang L, Mao J, Dong CK, Liu H, Kulinich SA, Du XW. ACS Catal, 2020, 10: 12575–12581
Qin Y, Yu T, Deng S, Zhou XY, Lin D, Zhang Q, Jin Z, Zhang D, He YB, Qiu HJ, He L, Kang F, Li K, Zhang TY. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 3784
Wen Y, Yang T, Cheng C, Zhao X, Liu E, Yang J. Chin J Catal, 2020, 41: 1161–1167
Zhang Q, Meng F, Gao A, Li X, Jin Q, Lin S, Chen S, Shang T, Zhang X, Guo H, Wang C, Jin K, Wang X, Su D, Gu L, Guo EJ. Nano Lett, 2021, 21: 10507–10515
Zeng Y, Ouyang B, Liu J, Byeon YW, Cai Z, Miara LJ, Wang Y, Ceder G. Science, 2022, 378: 1320–1324
Xiao M, Liu J, Li R, Sun Y, Liu F, Gan J, Gao S. Small, 2024, 20: 2400754
Nicole SLD, Li Y, Xie W, Wang G, Lee JM. Small, 2023, 19: 2206844
Ma N, Li N, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zhao J, Fan J. Appl Surf Sci, 2022, 590: 153149
Qin Y, Cao B, Zhou XY, Xiao Z, Zhou H, Zhao Z, Weng Y, Lv J, Liu Y, He YB, Kang F, Li K, Zhang TY. Nano Energy, 2023, 115: 108727
Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zeng Z, Ho D. Mater Horiz, 2023, 10: 2904–2912
Zhang L, Jang H, Liu H, Kim MG, Yang D, Liu S, Liu X, Cho J. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60: 18821–18829
Todoroki N, Kudo R, Hayashi K, Yokoi M, Naraki N, Wadayama T. ACS Catal, 2023, 13: 11433–11440
Du J, Chen D, Ding Y, Wang L, Li F, Sun L. Small, 2023, 19: 2207611
Zhang X, Feng C, Dong B, Liu C, Chai Y. Adv Mater, 2023, 35: 2207066
Zhu J, Mu S. Inorg Chem Front, 2023, 10: 2220–2225
Zhao Y, Xi M, Qi Y, Sheng X, Tian P, Zhu Y, Yang X, Li C, Jiang H. J Energy Chem, 2022, 69: 330–337
Li Y, Wang Y, Lu J, Yang B, San X, Wu ZS. Nano Energy, 2020, 78: 105185
Luo Y, Zhang Z, Chhowalla M, Liu B. Adv Mater, 2022, 34: 2108133
Li M, Xie P, Yu L, Luo L, Sun X. ACS Nano, 2023, 17: 23299–23316
Hu Q, Zhou W, Qi S, Huo Q, Li X, Lv M, Chen X, Feng C, Yu J, Chai X, Yang H, He C. Nat Sustain, 2024, 7: 442–451
Liang J, Cai Z, Li Z, Yao Y, Luo Y, Sun S, Zheng D, Liu Q, Sun X, Tang B. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 2950
Guo J, Zheng Y, Hu Z, Zheng C, Mao J, Du K, Jaroniec M, Qiao SZ, Ling T. Nat Energy, 2023, 8: 264
Yu Z, Ji N, Li X, Zhang R, Qiao Y, Xiong J, Liu J, Lu X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2023, 62: e202213612
Jin L, Pang H. Chin Chem Lett, 2020, 31: 2300–2304
Yu L, Zhang G, Chen H, Zeng J, Liu Y, Yang Q, Zhong L, Qiu Y. J Mater Chem A, 2022, 10: 7911–7919
Yao J, Huang W, Fang W, Kuang M, Jia N, Ren H, Liu D, Lv C, Liu C, Xu J, Yan Q. Small Methods, 2020, 4: 2000494
Xue S, Gao Y, Wang B, Zhi L. Chem Catal, 2023, 3: 100762
Fan X, Tan S, Yang J, Liu Y, Bian W, Liao F, Lin H, Li Y. ACS Energy Lett, 2022, 7: 343–348
Pan X, Yan M, Liu Q, Zhou X, Liao X, Sun C, Zhu J, McAleese C, Couture P, Sharpe MK, Smith R, Peng N, England J, Tsang SCE, Zhao Y, Mai L. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 3354
Feng Z, Dai C, Wang H, Guo R, You J, Liu X. ChemCatChem, 2023, 15: e202300688
Lin L, Xu Y, Han Y, Xu R, Wang T, Sun Z, Yan Z. J Am Chem Soc, 2024, 146: 7363–7372
Faid AY, Xie L, Barnett AO, Seland F, Kirk D, Sunde S. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45: 28272–28284
Li D, Matanovic I, Lee AS, Park EJ, Fujimoto C, Chung HT, Kim YS. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2019, 11: 9696–9701
Colquhoun HM, Zolotukhin MG, Khalilov LM, Dzhemilev UM. Macromolecules, 2001, 34: 1122–1124
Yu L, Sun S, Li H, Xu ZJ. Fundamental Res, 2021, 1: 448–452
Zhang J, Shi L, Miao X, Yang L, Zhou S. J Mater Chem A, 2024, 12: 12785–12794
Liu Y, Ye C, Chen L, Fan J, Liu C, Xue L, Sun J, Zhang W, Wang X, Xiong P, Zhu J. Adv Funct Mater, 2024, 34: 2314820
Jin Z, Lyu J, Hu K, Chen Z, Xie G, Liu X, Lin X, Qiu HJ. Small, 2022, 18: 2107207
Jiang S, Yu Y, He H, Wang Z, Zheng R, Sun H, Liu Y, Wang D. Small, 2024, 20: 2310786
Zhu H, Zhu Z, Hao J, Sun S, Lu S, Wang C, Ma P, Dong W, Du M. Chem Eng J, 2022, 431: 133251
Miao X, Peng Z, Shi L, Zhou S. ACS Catal, 2023, 13: 3983–3989
Cui X, Ren P, Ma C, Zhao J, Chen R, Chen S, Rajan NP, Li H, Yu L, Tian Z, Deng D. Adv Mater, 2020, 32: 1908126
Huang H, Kim H, Lee A, Kim S, Lim WG, Park CY, Kim S, Kim SK, Lee J. Nano Energy, 2021, 88: 106276
Deng L, Hung SF, Lin ZY, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Hao Y, Liu S, Kuo CH, Chen HY, Peng J, Wang J, Peng S. Adv Mater, 2023, 35: 2305939
Gong R, Liu B, Wang X, Du S, Xie Y, Jia W, Bian X, Chen Z, Ren Z. Small, 2023, 19: 2204889
Wu L, Yao N, Meng Q, Jia H, Zhu J, Zhu J, Luo W. Chem Catal, 2024, 4: 101004
Chen S, Wang C, Gao F, Yang Y, Huang M, Tong H, Cheng Z, Wang P, Wang P, Tu J, Zeng X, Chen Q. J Mater Chem A, 2022, 10: 3722–3731
Hu C, Yue K, Han J, Liu X, Liu L, Liu Q, Kong Q, Pao CW, Hu Z, Suenaga K, Su D, Zhang Q, Wang X, Tan Y, Huang X. Sci Adv, 2023, 9: eadf9144
Hou L, Li Z, Jang H, Wang Y, Cui X, Gu X, Kim MG, Feng L, Liu S, Liu X. Adv Energy Mater, 2023, 13: 2300177
Zhao X, Li Z, Jang H, Wei X, Wang L, Kim MG, Cho J, Liu X, Qin Q. Small, 2024, 20: 2311172
Shi Z, Li J, Wang Y, Liu S, Zhu J, Yang J, Wang X, Ni J, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Wang Y, Liu C, Xing W, Ge J. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 843
Jin H, Choi S, Bang GJ, Kwon T, Kim HS, Lee SJ, Hong Y, Lee DW, Park HS, Baik H, Jung Y, Yoo SJ, Lee K. Energy Environ Sci, 2022, 15: 1119–1130
Yan H, Jiang Z, Deng B, Wang Y, Jiang ZJ. Adv Energy Mater, 2023, 13: 2300152
Wang Y, Yang R, Ding Y, Zhang B, Li H, Bai B, Li M, Cui Y, Xiao J, Wu ZS. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 1412
Wen Y, Liu C, Huang R, Zhang H, Li X, García de Arquer FP, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhang B. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 4871
Wu X, Lin C, Hu W, Fu C, Tan L, Wang H, Meharban F, Pan X, Fu P, Um H-, Xiao Q, Li X, Yamauchi M, Luo W. Small Struct, 2024, 5: 2300518
Song H, Yong X, Waterhouse GIN, Yu J, Wang H, Cai J, Tang Z, Yang B, Chang J, Lu S. ACS Catal, 2024, 14: 3298–3307
Li A, Kong S, Adachi K, Ooka H, Fushimi K, Jiang Q, Ofuchi H, Hamamoto S, Oura M, Higashi K, Kaneko T, Uruga T, Kawamura N, Hashizume D, Nakamura R. Science, 2024, 384: 666–670
Huang Q, Xia GJ, Huang B, Xie D, Wang J, Wen D, Lin D, Xu C, Gao L, Wu Z, Wu J, Xie F, Guo W, Zou R. Energy Environ Sci, 2024, 17: 5260–5272
Zeng SP, Shi H, Dai TY, Liu Y, Wen Z, Han GF, Wang TH, Zhang W, Lang XY, Zheng WT, Jiang Q. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 1811
Wang W, Li C, Zhou C, Xiao X, Li F, Huang NY, Li L, Gu M, Xu Q. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2024, 63: e202406947
Chen S, Zhang S, Guo L, Pan L, Shi C, Zhang X, Huang ZF, Yang G, Zou JJ. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 4127
Zhou L, Shao Y, Yin F, Li J, Kang F, Lv R. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 7644
Hao Y, Hung SF, Zeng WJ, Wang Y, Zhang C, Kuo CH, Wang L, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Chen HY, Peng S. J Am Chem Soc, 2023, 145: 23659–23669
Su H, Yang C, Liu M, Zhang X, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Zheng K, Lian S, Liu Q. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 95
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22075223, 22179104) and the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing (Wuhan University of Technology) (2023-ZT-1).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Published in virtual special issue “Carbon Neutrality”
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiao, J., Chen, D., Zhao, H. et al. Durable ruthenium oxide catalysts for water oxidation reaction. Sci. China Chem. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-024-2227-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-024-2227-2


