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A review of solid-state lithium metal batteries through in-situ solidification

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Abstract

High-energy-density lithium metal batteries are the next-generation battery systems of choice, and replacing the flammable liquid electrolyte with a polymer solid-state electrolyte is a prominent conduct towards realizing the goal of high-safety and high-specific-energy devices. Unfortunately, the inherent intractable problems of poor solid-solid contacts between the electrode/electrolyte and the growth of Li dendrites hinder their practical applications. The in-situ solidification has demonstrated a variety of advantages in the application of polymer electrolytes and artificial interphase, including the design of integrated polymer electrolytes and asymmetric polymer electrolytes to enhance the compatibility of solid-solid contact and compatibility between various electrolytes, and the construction of artificial interphase between the Li anode and cathode to suppress the formation of Li dendrites and to enhance the high-voltage stability of polymer electrolytes. This review firstly elaborates the history of in-situ solidification for solid-state batteries, and then focuses on the synthetic methods of solidified electrolytes. Furthermore, the recent progress of in-situ solidification technology from both the design of polymer electrolytes and the construction of artificial interphase is summarized, and the importance of in-situ solidification technology in enhancing safety is emphasized. Finally, prospects, emerging challenges, and practical applications of in-situ solidification are envisioned.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Z200011), National Key Research and Development Program (2021YFB2500300, 2021YFB2400300), National Natural Science Foundation of China (22308190, 22109084, 22108151, 22075029, and 22061132002), Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province (202103AA080019), the S&T Program of Hebei Province (22344402D), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022TQ0165), Tsinghua-Jiangyin Innovation Special Fund (TJISF), Tsinghua-Toyota Joint Research Fund and the Institute of Strategic Research, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd, and Ordos-Tsinghua Innovative & Collaborative Research Program in Carbon Neutrality. P.X. appreciate the Shuimu Tsinghua Scholar Program of Tsinghua University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Pan Xu, Zong-Yao Shuang, Chen-Zi Zhao & Qiang Zhang

  2. National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China

    Xue Li, Xiaoyuan Zeng, Peng Dong & Yingjie Zhang

  3. Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Li-Zhen Fan

  4. College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China

    Aibing Chen

  5. Ordos Carbon Neutral Research and Application Co., Ltd., Ordos City, 017010, China

    Haoting Chen & Mingpei Wang

  6. Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, Ufa, 450054, Russia

    Elena Kuzmina, Elena Karaseva & Vladimir Kolosnitsyn

  7. Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Qiang Zhang

  8. Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy, Tsinghua University, Taiyuan, 030032, China

    Qiang Zhang

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  1. Pan Xu
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Xu, P., Shuang, ZY., Zhao, CZ. et al. A review of solid-state lithium metal batteries through in-situ solidification. Sci. China Chem. 67, 67–86 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-023-1866-y

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