High performance TiP₂O₇ nanoporous microsphere as anode material for aqueous lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

This work developed a facile way to mass-produce a carbon-coated TiP₂O₇ nanoporous microsphere (TPO-NMS) as anode material for aqueous lithium-ion batteries via solid-phase synthesis combined with spray drying method. TiP₂O₇ shows great prospect as anode for aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs) in view of its appropriate intercalation potential of −0.6 V (vs. SCE) before hydrogen evolution in aqueous electrolytes. The resulting sample presents the morphology of secondary microspheres (ca. 20 μm) aggregated by carbon-coated primary nanoparticles (100 nm), in which the primary nanoparticles with uniform carbon coating and sophisticated pore structure greatly improve its electrochemical performance. Consequently, TPONMS delivers a reversible capacity of 90 mA h/g at 0.1 A/g, and displays enhanced rate performance and good cycling stability with capacity retention of 90% after 500 cycles at 0.2 A/g. A full cell containing TPO-NMS anode and LiMn₂O₄ cathode delivers a specific energy density of 63 W h/kg calculated on the total mass of anode and cathode. It also shows good rate capacity with 56% capacity maintained at 10 A/g rate (vs. 0.1 A/g), as well as long cycle life with the capacity retention of 82% after 1000 cycles at 0.5 A/g.