Abstract
Four metallodithiolene complexes [4,8-bis(octyloxy)-1,3,5,7-tetrathia]·di[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene·palladium(II)] (3), [4,8-bis(octyloxy)-1,3,5,7-tetrathia]di[1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane·nickel(II)] (4), [4,8-bis(octyloxy)-1,3,5,7-tetrathia] ·[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene·palladium(II)]·[1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane·nickel(II)] (5) and di[4,8-bis (octyloxy)-1,3,5,7-tetrathia]·[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene·palladium(II)]·nickel(II) (6) were synthesized and the near-infrared (NIR) electrochromic properties were studied. The spectroelectrochemical spectra and the electrochromic parameters such as optical contrast, switching time, optical density change, electrochromic efficiency and optical attenuation of complexes 3–6 were investigated in detail. The symmetric binuclear complex 4 showed relatively high electrochromic efficiency of 63.0 and 75.4 cm2/C both in the two oxidation states. The complexes exhibited excellent electroactive/electrochromic stability characterized by chronoamperometry (>4000 cyclic switches).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrew MM, Simon RB, Jason R. Michael DW. Chem Mater, 2000, 12: 2523–2524
Xun SD, Le Clair G, Zhang JD, Chen X, Gao JP, Wang ZY. Org Lett, 2006, 8: 1697–1700
Mortimer RJ, Dyer AL, Reynolds JR. Displays, 2006, 27: 2–18
Krebs FC. Nat Mater, 2008, 7: 766–767
Meng F, Hervault YM, Shao Q, Hu B, Norel L, Rigaut S, Chen X. Nat Commm, 2014, 5: 3023–3032
Pochorovski I, Diederich F. Acc Chem Res, 2014, 47: 2096–2105
Cai JW, Zhao P, Niu HJ, Lian YF, Wang C, Bai XD, Wang W. Polym Chem, 2013, 4: 1183–1192
Patra A, Bendikov M, Chand S. Acc Chem Res, 2014, 47: 1465-1474
Cui J, Xu Z. Chem Commun, 2014, 50: 3986–3988
Niklasson GA, Granqvist CG. J Mater Chem, 2007, 17: 127–156
Oliveira S, Afonso ML, Dias SIG, Santos IC, Henriques RT, Rabaç, S, Almeida M. Eur J Inorg Chem, 2013, 18: 3133–3136
Reizo K. Chem Rev, 2004, 104: 5319–5346
Ma XC, Wu YS, Wen HL, Niu HJ, Wang C, Qin CL, Bai XD, Lei L, Wang W. RSC Adv, 2016, 6: 4564–4575
Niklasson GA, Granqvist CG. J Mater Chem, 2007, 17: 127–156
Tang JH, Yao CJ, Cui BB, Zhong YW. Chem Rec, 2016, 16: 754–767
Shankar S, Lahav M, Boom ME. J Am Chem Soc, 2015, 137: 4050- 4053
Aragoni MC, Arca M, Devillanova FA. Inorg Chem Commun, 2007, 10: 191–194
Schrauzer GN, Mayweg V. J Am Chem Soc, 1962, 84: 3221
Sarangi R, George SD, Rudd DJ, Szilagyi RK, Ribas X, Rovira C, Almeida M, Hodgson KO, Hedman B, Solomon EI. J Am Chem Soc, 2007, 129: 2316–2326
Aragoni MC, Arca M, Demartin F. J Am Chem Soc, 1999, 121: 7098–7107
Chandrasekaran P, Greene AF, Lillich K, Capone S, Mague JT, Debeer S, Donahue JP. Inorg Chem, 2014, 53: 9192–9205
Dalgleish S, Matsushita MM, Hu LG, Li B, Yoshikawa H, Awaga K. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 12742–12750
Bruno G, Almeida M, Artizzu F, Dias JC, Mercuri ML, Pilia L, Rovira C, Ribas X, Serpe A, Deplano P. Dalton Trans, 2010, 39: 4566–4574
Perochon R, Davidson P, Rouzière S, Camerel F, Piekara-Sady L, Guizouarn T, Formigué M. J Mater Chem, 2011, 21: 1416–1422
Dalgleish S, Robertson N. Chem Commun, 2009, 39: 5826–5828
Oliveira S, Afonso ML, Dias SIG, Santos IC, Henriques RT, Rabaça S, Almeida M. Eur J Inorg Chem, 2013, 18: 3133–3136
Espa D, Marchiò L, Pilia L, Mercuri ML, Artizzu F, Serpe A, Simão D, Almeida M, Pizzotti M, Deplano P. Dalton Trans, 2012, 41: 3485–3493
Liu B, Qiao WQ, Wang ZY. RSC Adv, 2015, 5: 6815–6822
Pilia L, Pizzotti M, Tessore F, Robertson N. Inorg Chem, 2014, 53: 4517–4526
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21134005, 21474102, 21474105) and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, X., Qiao, W., Liu, B. et al. Synthesis and near infrared electrochromic properties of metallodithiolene complexes. Sci. China Chem. 60, 77–83 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-016-0252-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-016-0252-x