Abstract
β-Di-substituted α-amino acids (AAs) contain adjacent carbon stereogenic centers and pose considerable synthetic challenge. Complementary to the conventional synthesis strategies based on the transformation of existing functional groups, we envisioned these molecules could be quickly accessed via selective functionalization of sp3 hybridized C-H bonds on the side chains of common α-AA precursors. We report a readily applicable method to prepare β-alkynyl α-amino acids via Pd-catalyzed diastereoselective C(sp3)-H alkynylation of common α-amino acids precursors with acetylene bromide.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hruby VJ. Peptide science: exploring the use of chemical principles and interdisciplinary collaboration for understanding life processes. J Med Chem, 2003, 46: 4215–4231
Gibson SE, Guillo N, Tozer MJ. Towards control of Chi-space: conformationally constrained analogues of Phe, Tyr, Trp and His. Tetrahedron, 1999, 55: 585–615
Burk MJ, Gross MF, Martinez JP. Asymmetric catalytic synthesis of beta-branched amino-acids via highly enantioselective hydrogenation reactions. J Am Chem Soc, 1995, 117: 9375–9376
Davis FA, Liang CH, Liu H. Asymmetric synthesis of beta-substituted alpha-amino acids using 2H-azirine-2-carboxylate esters. Synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted aziridine-2-carboxylate esters. J Org Chem, 1997, 62: 3796–3797
Liang B, Carroll PJ, Joullie MM. Progress toward the total synthesis of callipeltin A (I): asymmetric synthesis of (3S,4R)-3,4-dimethylglutamine. Org Lett, 2000, 2: 4157–4160
O’Donnell MJ, Cooper JT, Mader MM. Acyclic stereoselective boron alkylation reactions for the asymmetric synthesis of β-substituted α-amino acid derivatives. J Am Chem Soc, 2003, 125: 2370–2371
Kanayama T, Yoshida K, Miyabe H, Kimachi T, Takemoto Y. Synthesis of β-substituted α-amino acids with use of iridium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution. J Org Chem, 2003, 68: 6197–6201
Banerjee B, Capps SG, Kang J, Robinson JW, Castle SL. Second- generation DBFOX ligands for the synthesis of β-substituted α-amino acids via enantioselective radical conjugate additions. J Org Chem, 2008, 73: 8973–8978
Zaitsev VG, Shabashov D, Daugulis O. Highly regloselective arylation of sp3 C-H bonds catalyzed by palladium acetate. J Am Chem Soc, 2005, 127: 13154–13155
Tran LD, Daugulis O. Nonnatural amino acid synthesis by using carbon-hydrogen bond functionalization methodology. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2012, 51: 5188–5191
Reddy BVS, Reddy LR, Corey EJ. Novel acetoxylation and C-C coupling reactions at unactivated positions in alpha-amino acid derivatives. Org Lett, 2006, 8: 3391–3394
Feng YQ, Chen G. Total synthesis of Celogentin C by stereoselective C-H activation. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2010, 49: 958–961
He G, Chen G. A practical strategy for the structural diversification of aliphatic scaffolds through the palladium-catalyzed picolinamidedirected remote functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2011, 50: 5192–5196
Zhang SY, Li Q, He G, Nack WA, Chen G. Stereoselective synthesis of β-alkylated α-amino acids via palladium-catalyzed alkylation of unactivated methylene C(sp3)-H bonds with primary alkyl halides. J Am Chem Soc, 2013, 135: 12135–12141
Wang B, Nack WA, He G, Zhang SY, Chen G. Palladium-catalyzed trifluoroacetate-promoted mono-arylation of the β-methyl group of alanine at room temperature: synthesis of β-arylated α-amino acids through sequential C-H functionalization. Chem Sci, 2014, 5: 3952–3957
Wang B, Lu CX, Zhang SY, He G, Nack WA, Chen G. Palladiumcatalyzed stereoretentive olefination of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds with vinyl iodides at room temperature: synthesis of β-vinyl α-amino acids. Org Lett, 2014, 16: 6260–6263
Rodriguez N, Romero-Revilla JA, Fernandez-Ibanez MA, Carretero JC. Palladium-catalyzed N-(2-pyridyl)sulfonyl-directed C(sp3)-H γ-arylation of amino acid derivatives. Chem Sci, 2013, 4: 175–179
Fan MY, Ma DW. Palladium-catalyzed direct functionalization of 2-aminobutanoic acid derivatives: application of a convenient and versatile auxiliary. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2013, 52: 12152–12155
Zhang Q, Chen K, Rao WH, Zhang YJ, Chen FJ, Shi BF. Stereoselective synthesis of chiral α-amino-β-lactams through palladium(II)- catalyzed sequential monoarylation/amidation of C(sp3)-H bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2013, 52: 13588–13592
Zhang LS, Chen GH, Wang X, Guo QY, Zhang XS, Pan F, Chen K, Shi ZJ. Direct borylation of primary C-H bonds in functionalized molecules by palladium catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2014, 53: 3899–3903
He J, Li SH, Deng YQ, Fu HY, Laforteza BN, Spangler JE, Homs A, Yu JQ. Ligand-controlled C(sp3)-H arylation and olefination in synthesis of unnatural chiral alpha-amino acids. Science, 2014, 343: 1216–1220
Rouquet G, Chatani N. Catalytic functionalization of C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds by using bidentate directing groups. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2013, 52: 11726–11743
Noisier AFM, Brimble MA. C-H functionalization in the synthesis of amino acids and peptides. Chem Rev, 2014, 114: 8775–8806
Tobisu M, Ano Y, Chatani N. Palladium-catalyzed direct alkynylation of C-H bonds in benzenes. Org Lett, 2009, 11: 3250–3252
Ano Y, Tobisu M, Chatani N. Palladium-catalyzed direct ethynylation of C(sp3)-H bonds in aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133: 12984–12986
Al-Amin M, Arisawa M, Shuto S, Ano Y, Tobisu M, Chatani N. Palladium nanoparticle-catalyzed direct ethynylation of aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives via C(sp3)-H bond functionalization. Adv Synth Catal, 2014, 356: 1631–1637
He J, Wasa M, Chan KSL, Yu JQ. Palladium(0)-catalyzed alkynylation of C(sp3)-H bonds. J Am Chem Soc, 2013, 135: 3387–3390
Messaoudi S, Brion JD, Alami M. Transition-metal-catalyzed direct C-H alkenylation, alkynylation, benzylation, and alkylation of (hetero) arenes. Eur J Org Chem, 2010, 34: 6495–6516
Zhao YS, He G, Nack WA, Chen G. Palladium-catalyzed alkenylation and alkynylation of ortho-C(sp2)-H bonds of benzylamine picolinamides. Org Lett, 2012, 14: 2948–2951
It should be noted that alkylation using other alkynyl halide coupling partners gave significantly lower yield.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, B., He, G. & Chen, G. Synthesis of β-alkynyl α-amino acids via palladium-catalyzed alkynylation of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds. Sci. China Chem. 58, 1345–1348 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-015-5392-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-015-5392-z