Abstract
The cation exchange mechanism was further investigated during the extraction of Sr2+ and Cs+ using the extractant dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6) in an ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methyimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (C2mimNTf2). The concentrations of both the cation C2mim+ and the anion NTf2 − in aqueous phase were detected. The concentration of NTf2 − in the aqueous phase decreased as Sr2+ or Cs+ exchanged into the IL phase. Addition of C2mim+ or NTf2 − as well as the variation of the solubility of C2mimNTf2 influenced the extraction efficiency of Sr2+ or Cs+.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hallett JP, Welton T. Room-temperature ionic liquids: Solvents for synthesis and catalysis. 2. Chem Rev, 2011, 111(5): 3508–3576
Armand M, Endres F, MacFarlane DR, Ohno H, Scrosati B. Ionic-liquid materials for the electrochemical challenges of the future. Nat Mater, 2009, 8(8): 621–629
Han XX, Armstrong DW. Ionic liquids in separations. Accounts Chem Res, 2007, 40(11): 1079–1086
Sun XQ, Luo HM, Dai S. Ionic liquids-based extraction: A promising strategy for the advanced nuclear fuel cycle. Chem Rev, 2012, 112(4): 2100–2128
Xu C, Shen XH, Chen QD, Gao HC. Investigation on the extraction of strontium ions from aqueous phase using crown ether-ionic liquid systems. Sci China Ser B-Chem, 2009, 52(11): 1858–1864
Xu C, Yuan LY, Shen XH, Zhai ML. Efficient removal of caesium ions from aqueous solution using a calix crown ether in ionic liquids: Mechanism and radiation effect. Dalton Trans, 2010, 39(16): 3897–3902
Sun TX, Wang ZM, Shen XH. Crystallization of cesium complex containing bis(2-propyloxy)calix-4-crown-6 and bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl imide. Inorg Chim Acta, 2012, 390: 8–11
Sun XQ, Bell JR, Luo HM, Dai S. Extraction separation of rare-earth ions via competitive ligand complexations between aqueous and ionic-liquid phases. Dalton Trans, 2011, 40(31): 8019–8023
Marin TW, Shkrob IA, Dietz ML. Hydrogen-bonding interactions and protic equilibria in room-temperature ionic liquids containing crown ethers. J Phys Chem B, 2011, 115(14): 3912–3918
Wang JS, Sheaff CN, Yoon B, Addleman RS, Wai CM. Extraction of uranium from aqueous solutions by using ionic liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide in conjunction. Chem-Eur J, 2009, 15(17): 4458–4463
Shimojo K, Kurahashi K, Naganawa H. Extraction behavior of lanthanides using a diglycolamide derivative TODGA in ionic liquids. Dalton Trans, 2008, 37(37): 5083–5088
Dietz ML, Jakab S, Yamato K, Bartsch RA. Stereochemical effects on the mode of facilitated ion transfer into room-temperature ionic liquids. Green Chem, 2008, 10(2): 174–176
Dietz ML. Ionic liquids as extraction solvents: Where do we stand? Sep Sci Technol, 2006, 41(10): 2047–2063
Luo HM, Dai S, Bonnesen PV, Buchanan AC, Holbrey JD, Bridges NJ, Rogers RD. Extraction of cesium ions from aqueous solutions using calix-4-arene-bis(tert-octylbenzo-crown-6) in ionic liquids. Anal Chem, 2004, 76(11): 3078–3083
Luo HM, Dai S, Bonnesen PV. Solvent extraction of Sr2+ and Cs+ based on room-temperature ionic liquids containing monoaza-substituted crown ethers. Anal Chem, 2004, 76(10): 2773–2779
Dai S, Ju YH, Barnes CE. Solvent extraction of strontium nitrate by a crown ether using room-temperature ionic liquids. J Chem Soc-Dalton Trans, 1999, 28(8): 1201–1202
Dietz ML, Dzielawa JA. Ion-exchange as a mode of cation transfer into room-temperature ionic liquids containing crown ethers: Implications for the ‘greenness’ of ionic liquids as diluents in liquid-liquid extraction. Chem Commun, 2001, 37(20): 2124–2125
Dietz ML, Stepinski DC. A ternary mechanism for the facilitated transfer of metal ions into room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs): Implications for the “greenness” of RTILs as extraction solvents. Green Chem, 2005, 7(10): 747–750
Jensen MP, Dzielawa JA, Rickert P, Dietz ML. EXAFS investigations of the mechanism of facilitated ion transfer into a room-temperature ionic liquid. J Am Chem Soc, 2002, 124(36): 10664
Jensen MP, Neuefeind J, Beitz JV, Skanthakumar S, Soderholm L. Mechanisms of metal ion transfer into room-temperature ionic liquids: The role of anion exchange. J Am Chem Soc, 2003, 125(50): 15466–15473
Dietz ML, Dzielawa JA, Laszak I, Young BA, Jensen MP. Influence of solvent structural variations on the mechanism of facilitated ion transfer into room-temperature ionic liquids. Green Chem, 2003, 5(6): 682–685
Bell TJ, Ikeda Y. The application of novel hydrophobic ionic liquids to the extraction of uranium(vi) from nitric acid medium and a determination of the uranyl complexes formed. Dalton Trans, 2011, 40(39): 10125–10130
Luo H, Dai S, Bonnesen PV, Haverlock TJ, Moyer BA, Buchanan AC. A striking effect of ionic-liquid anions in the extraction of Sr2+ and Cs+ by dicyclohexano-18-crown-6. Solvent Extr Ion Exch, 2006, 24(1): 19–31
Kozonoi N, Ikeda Y. Extraction mechanism of metal ion from aqueous solution to the hydrophobic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyli-midazolium nonafluorobutanesulfonate. Mon Chem, 2007, 138(11): 1145–1151
Bonhote P, Dias AP, Papageorgiou N, Kalyanasundaram K, Gratzel M. Hydrophobic, highly conductive ambient-temperature molten salts. Inorg Chem, 1996, 35(5): 1168–1178
Dzyuba SV, Bartsch RA. Influence of structural variations in 1-alkyl(aralkyl)-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphates and bis(trifluorormethyl-sulfonyl)imides on physical properties of the ionic liquids. ChemPhysChem, 2002, 3(2): 161–166
Paul A, Mandal PK, Samanta A. How transparent are the imidazolium ionic liquids? A case study with 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [Bmim][PF6]. Chem Phys Lett, 2005, 402(4–6): 375–379
Dean JA. Lange’s handbook of chemistry(13th), 1985, McGraw-Hill Book Company
Katsuta S, Ogawa R, Yamaguchi N, Ishitani T, Takeda Y. Ion pair formation of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium salts in water. J Chem Eng Data, 2007, 52(1): 248–251
Kielland J. Individual activity coefficients of ions in aqueous solutions. J Am Chem Soc, 1937, 59: 1675–1678
Zhang JJ, Shen XH. Multiple equilibria interaction pattern between the ionic liquids C(n)mimPF(6) and beta-cyclodextrin in aqueous solutions. J Phys Chem B, 2011, 115(41): 11852–11861
Salomon M. Conductance of solutions of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)imide in water, propylene carbonate, acetonitrile and methyl formate at 25-degrees-c. J Solut Chem, 1993, 22(8): 715–725
Freire MG, Carvalho PJ, Silva AMS, Santos L, Rebelo LPN, Marrucho IM, Coutinho JAP. Ion specific effects on the mutual solubilities of water and hydrophobic ionic liquids. J Phys Chem B, 2009, 113(1): 202–211
Freire MG, Carvalho PJ, Gardas RL, Marrucho IM, Santos L, Coutinho JAP. Mutual solubilities of water and the C(n)mimTf2N hydrophobic ionic liquids. J Phys Chem B, 2008, 112(6): 1604–1610
Freire MG, Neves C, Carvalho PJ, Gardas RL, Fernandes AM, Marrucho IM, Santos L, Coutinho JAP. Mutual solubilities of water and hydrophobic ionic liquids. J Phys Chem B, 2007, 111(45): 13082–13089
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, T., Shen, X. & Chen, Q. A further understanding of the cation exchange mechanism for the extraction of Sr2+ and Cs+ by ionic liquid. Sci. China Chem. 56, 782–788 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-013-4859-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-013-4859-z