Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction combined with ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography for the rapid determination of triclosan, triclocarban and methyl-triclosan in aqueous samples

  • Articles
  • Published:
Science China Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As extraction solvents, ionic liquids have green characteristics. In this study, an environmentally benign analytical method termed temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction (TIL-DLME) combined with ultra-highpressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-tunable ultraviolet detection (TUV) was developed for the pre-concentration and determination of triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC) and methyl-triclosan (M-TCS) in water samples. Significant parameters that may affect extraction efficiencies were examined and optimized, including the types and amount of ionic liquids, volume of the diluent, heating temperature, cooling time, salt effect and pH value. Under the optimum conditions, linearity of the method was observed in the ranges of 0.0100–100 μg L−1 for TCS and M-TCS, and 0.00500–50.0 μg L−1 for TCC with correlation coefficients (r 2) > 0.9903. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 1.15 to 5.33 ng L−1. TCS in domestic water and TCC in reclaimed water were detected at the concentrations of 1.01 and 0.126 μg L−1, respectively. The spiked recoveries of the three target compounds in reclaimed water, irrigating water, waste water and domestic water samples were obtained in the ranges of 68.4%–71.9%, 61.6%–87.8%, 58.9%–74.9% and 64.9%–92.4%, respectively. Compared with the previous dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (DLLME) about the determination of TCS, TCC and M-TCS, this method is not only more environmentally friendly but also more sensitive.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Liu JF, Jiang GB, Chi YG, Cai YQ, Zhou QX, Hu JT. Use of ionic liquids for liquid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Anal Chem, 2003, 75: 5870–5876

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Schrekker HS, Stracke MP, Schrekker CML, Dupont J. Ether-functionalized imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids for improved water miscibilities. Ind Eng Chem Res, 2007, 46: 7389–7392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Zhou QX, Bai HH, Xie GH, Xiao JP. Trace determination of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental samples by temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A, 2008, 1188: 148–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kulkarni PS, Branco LC, Crespo JG, Afonso CAM. Capture of dioxins by ionic liquids. Environ Sci Technol, 2008, 42: 2570–2574

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Xiong J, Hu B. Comparison of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of organosulfur pesticides in environmental and beverage samples by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. J Chromatogr A, 2008, 1193: 7–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bai HH, Zhou QX, Xie GH, Xiao JP. Enrichment and sensitive determination of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites with temperature controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction prior to high performance liquid phase chromatography. Anal Chim Acta, 2009, 651: 64–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Vidal L, Chisvert A, Canals A, Salvador A. Sensitive determination of free benzophenone-3 in human urine samples based on an ionic liquid as extractant phase in single-drop microextraction prior to liquid chromatography analysis. J Chromatogr A, 2007, 1174: 95–103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Vidal L, Psillakis E, Domini CE, Grané N, Marken F, Canals A. An ionic liquid as a solvent for headspace single drop microextraction of chlorobenzenes from water samples. Anal Chim Acta, 2007, 584: 189–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ye CL, Zhou QX, Wang XM, Headspace liquid-phase microextraction using ionic liquid as extractant for the preconcentration of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites at trace levels in water samples. Anal Chim Acta, 2006, 572: 165–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Abulhassani J, Manzoori JL, Amjadi M. Hollow fiber based-liquid phase microextraction using ionic liquid solvent for preconcentration of lead and nickel from environmental and biological samples prior to determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. J Hazard Mater, 2009, 176: 481–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Baghdadi M, Shemirani F. Cold-induced aggregation microextraction: A novel sample preparation technique based on ionic liquids. Anal Chim Acta, 2008, 613: 56–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Liu Y, Zhao EC, Zhu WT, Gao HX, Zhou ZQ. Determination of four heterocyclic insecticides by ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction in water samples. J Chromatogr A, 2009, 1216: 885–891

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Pena MT, Casais MC, Mejuto MC, Cela R. Development of an ionic liquid based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. J Chromatogr A, 2009, 1216: 6356–6364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Wu YL, Xia LB, Chen R, Hu B. Headspace single drop microextraction combined with HPLC for the determination of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples. Talanta, 2008, 74: 470–477

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Li SQ, Cai S, Hu W, Chen H, Liu HL. Spectrochim Acta, Part B, 2009, 64: 666–671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Panagiotou AN, Sakkas VA, Albanis TA. Application of chemometric assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction to the determination of personal care products in natural waters. Anal Chim Acta, 2009, 649: 135–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Coogan MA, Edziyie RE, La Point TW, Venables BJ. Algal bioaccumulation of triclocarban, triclosan, and methyl-triclosan in a North Texas wastewater treatment plant receiving stream. Chemosphere, 2007, 67: 1911–1918

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Singer H, Muller S, Tixier C, Pillonel L. Triclosan: Occurrence and fate of a widely used biocide in the aquatic environment: field measurements in wastewater treatment plants, surface waters, and lake sediments. Environ Sci Technol, 2002, 36: 4998–5004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Halden RU, Paull DH. Co-occurrence of triclocarban and triclosan in U.S. water resources. Environ Sci Technol, 2005, 39: 1420–1426

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ying GG, Yu XY, Kookana RS. Biological degradation of triclocarban and triclosan in a soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and comparison with environmental fate modelling. Envir Pollut, 2007, 150: 300–305

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Guo JH, Li XH, Cao XL, Li Y, Wang XZ, Xu XB. Determination of triclosan, triclocarban and methyl-triclosan in aqueous samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with rapid liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A, 2009, 1216: 3038–3043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Li YY, Wei GH, Hu J, Liu XJ, Zhao XN, Wang XD. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers at trace levels in landfill leachate and environmental water samples. Anal Chim Acta, 2008, 615: 96–103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhou QX, Bai HH, Xie GH, Xiao JP. Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase micro-extraction. J Chromatogr A, 2008, 1177: 43–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Baghdadi M, Shemirani F. In situ solvent formation microextraction based on ionic liquids: A novel sample preparation technique for determination of inorganic species in saline solutions. Anal Chim Acta, 2009, 634: 186–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Erickson BE. Methyl triclosan found in Swiss lakes. Environ Sci Technol, 2002, 36: 228A–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China

    JieHong Guo & XueLi Cao

  2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology; Research Center of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China

    JieHong Guo, XingHong Li, Lei Qu, DeKun Hou & XiaoBai Xu

  3. Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China

    Lei Qu

Authors
  1. JieHong Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. XingHong Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. XueLi Cao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lei Qu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. DeKun Hou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. XiaoBai Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to XingHong Li or XueLi Cao.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Guo, J., Li, X., Cao, X. et al. Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction combined with ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography for the rapid determination of triclosan, triclocarban and methyl-triclosan in aqueous samples. Sci. China Chem. 53, 2600–2607 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-010-3169-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-010-3169-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation