Skip to main content
Log in

Bubbling solutions of fourth order mean field equations on \(\mathbb{S}^{4}\)

  • Articles
  • Published:
Science China Mathematics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we first establish the existence of blow-up solutions with two antipodal points to the fourth order mean field equations on \(\mathbb{S}^{4}\). Moreover, we construct non-axially symmetric solutions with blow-up points at the vertices of regular configurations, i.e., equilateral triangles on a great circle, regular tetrahedrons, cubes, octahedrons, icosahedrons and dodecahedrons. The bubbling rates of these blow-up solutions rely on various bubbling configurations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Baraket S, Dammak M, Ouni T, et al. Singular limits for a 4-dimensional semilinear elliptic problem with exponential nonlinearity. Ann Inst H Poincaré Anal Non Linéaire, 2007, 24: 875–895

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Bi Y, Li J. The prescribed Q-curvature flow for arbitrary even dimension in a critical case. arXiv:2106.03137, 2021

  3. Branson T P. Differential operators canonically associated to a conformal structure. Math Scand, 1985, 57: 293–345

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Brendle S. Global existence and convergence for a higher order flow in conformal geometry. Ann of Math (2), 2003, 158: 323–343

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Brendle S. Convergence of the Q-curvature flow on \(\mathbb{S}^{4}\). Adv Math, 2006, 205: 1–32

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Brezis H, Merle F. Uniform estimates and blow-up behavior for solutions of Δu = V(x)eu in two dimensions. Comm Partial Differential Equations, 1991, 16: 1223–1253

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Chang S-Y A, Qing J, Yang P. Some progress in conformal geometry. SIGMA Symmetry Integrability Geom Methods Appl, 2007, 3: 122

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Chang S-Y A, Yang P C. Extremal metrics of zeta functional determinants on 4-manifolds. Ann of Math (2), 1995, 142: 171–212

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Chen C C, Lin C S. Sharp estimates for solutions of multi-bubbles in compact Riemann surfaces. Comm Pure Appl Math, 2002, 55: 728–771

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Chen C C, Lin C S. Topological degree for a mean field equation on Riemann surfaces. Comm Pure Appl Math, 2003, 56: 1667–1727

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Chen W X, Li C M. Classification of solutions of some nonlinear elliptic equations. Duke Math J, 1991, 63: 615–622

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Clapp M, Muñoz C, Musso M. Singular limits for the bi-Laplacian operator with exponential nonlinearity in ℝ4. Ann Inst H Poincaré Anal Non Linéaire, 2008, 25: 1015–1041

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Djadli Z, Malchiodi A. Existence of conformal metrics with constant Q-curvature. Ann of Math (2), 2008, 168: 813–858

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Druet O, Robert F. Bubbling phenomena for fourth-order four-dimensional PDEs with exponential growth. Proc Amer Math Soc, 2006, 134: 897–908

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Gui C F, Hu Y Y. Non-axially symmetric solutions of a mean field equation on \(\mathbb{S}^{2}\). Adv Calc Var, 2021, 14: 419–439

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Gui C F, Hu Y Y, Xie W H. Improved Beckner’s inequality for axially symmetric functions on \(\mathbb{S}^{4}\). arXiv:2109.13390, 2021

  17. Gui C F, Moradifam A. The sphere covering inequality and its applications. Invent Math, 2018, 214: 1169–1204

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Gursky M J. The principal eigenvalue of a conformally invariant differential operator, with an application to semilinear elliptic PDE. Comm Math Phys, 1999, 207: 131–143

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Gursky M J, Viaclovsky J A. A fully nonlinear equation on four-manifolds with positive scalar curvature. J Differential Geom, 2003, 63: 131–154

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Li J Y, Li Y X, Liu P. The Q-curvature on a 4-dimensional Riemannian manifold (M, g) with ∫MQdVg = 8π2. Adv Math, 2012, 231: 2194–2223

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Li Y Y. Harnack type inequality: The method of moving planes. Comm Math Phys, 1999, 200: 421–444

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Li Y Y, Xiong J G. Compactness of conformal metrics with constant Q-curvature. I. Adv Math, 2019, 345: 116–160

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Lin C S. Topological degree for mean field equations on \(\mathbb{S}^{2}\). Duke Math J, 2000, 104: 501–536

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Lin C S, Wei J C. Sharp estimates for bubbling solutions of a fourth order mean field equation. Ann Sc Norm Super Pisa Cl Sci (5), 2007, 6: 599–630

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Lin C S, Wei J C, Wang L P. Topological degree for solutions of fourth order mean field equations. Math Z, 2011, 268: 675–705

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Ma L, Wei J C. Convergence for a Liouville equation. Comment Math Helv, 2001, 76: 506–514

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Malchiodi A. Compactness of solutions to some geometric fourth-order equations. J Reine Angew Math, 2006, 594: 137–174

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Malchiodi A, Struwe M. Q-curvature flow on \(\mathbb{S}^{4}\). J Differential Geom, 2006, 73: 1–44

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Ndiaye C B. Constant Q-curvature metrics in arbitrary dimension. J Funct Anal, 2007, 251: 1–58

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Ndiaye C B. Sharp estimates for bubbling solutions to some fourth-order geometric equations. Int Math Res Not IMRN, 2017, 2017: 643–676

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Ndiaye C B. Topological methods for the resonant Q-curvature problem in arbitrary even dimension. J Geom Phys, 2019, 140: 178–213

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Paneitz S M. A quartic conformally covariant differential operator for arbitrary pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. SIGMA Symmetry Integrability Geom Methods Appl, 2008, 4: 036

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Qing J, Raske D. Compactness for conformal metrics with constant Q curvature on locally conformally flat manifolds. Calc Var Partial Differential Equations, 2006, 26: 343–356

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Struwe M, Robert F Adimurthi. Concentration phenomena for Liouville’s equation in dimension four. J Eur Math Soc (JEMS), 2006, 8: 171–180

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Wei J C. Asymptotic behavior of a nonlinear fourth order eigenvalue problem. Comm Partial Differential Equations, 1996, 21: 1451–1467

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  36. Wei J C, Xu X W. On conformal deformations of metrics on \(\mathbb{S}^{n}\). J Funct Anal, 1998, 157: 292–325

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  37. Weinstein G, Zhang L. The profile of bubbling solutions of a class of fourth order geometric equations on 4-manifolds. J Funct Anal, 2009, 257: 3895–3929

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The first author was supported by National Science Foundation of USA (Grant No. DMS-1901914). The second author was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12101612 and 12171456).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yeyao Hu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gui, C., Hu, Y. & Xie, W. Bubbling solutions of fourth order mean field equations on \(\mathbb{S}^{4}\). Sci. China Math. 66, 1217–1236 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-022-1993-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-022-1993-x

Keywords

MSC(2020)

Navigation