Abstract
We prove that some holomorphic functions on the moduli space of tori have only simple zeros. Instead of computing the derivative with respect to the moduli parameter τ, we introduce a conceptual proof by applying Painlevé VI equation. As an application of this simple zero property, we obtain the smoothness of the degeneracy curves of trivial critical points for some multiple Green function.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Babich M V, Bordag L A. Projective differential geometrical structure of the Painlevé equations. J Differential Equations, 1999, 157: 452–485
Brezhnev Y V. Non-canonical extension of ϑ-functions and modular integrability of ϑ-constants. Proc Roy Soc Edin-burgh Sect A, 2013, 143: 689–738
Chai C L, Lin C S, Wang C L. Mean field equations, Hyperelliptic curves, and Modular forms: I. Cambridge J Math, 2015, 3: 127–274
Chen Z, Kuo T J, Lin C S. Hamiltonian system for the elliptic form of Painlevé VI equation. J Math Pures Appl (9), 2016, 106: 546–581
Chen Z, Kuo T J, Lin C S. Painlevé VI equation, modular forms and application. Preprint, 2017
Chen Z, Kuo T J, Lin C S. The geometry of generalized Lamé equation, II: Existence of pre-modular forms. ArX-iv:1807.07745v1, 2018
Chen Z, Kuo T J, Lin C S, et al. Green function, Painlevé VI equation and Eisenstein series of weight one. J Differential Geom, 2018, 108: 185–241
Chen Z, Lin C S. Critical points of the classical Eisenstein series of weight two. J Differential Geom, 2019, in press
Dahmen S. Counting integral Lamé equations by means of dessins d’enfants. Trans Amer Math Soc, 2007, 359: 909–922
Dubrovin B, Mazzocco M. Monodromy of certain Painlevé-VI transcendents and re ection groups. Invent Math, 2000, 141: 55–147
Gromak V, Laine I, Shimomura S. Painlevé Differential Equations in the Complex Plane. De Gruyter Studies in Mathematics, vol.28. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2002
Hitchin N J. Twistor spaces, Einstein metrics and isomonodromic deformations. J Differential Geom, 1995, 42: 30–112
Iwasaki K, Kimura H, Shimomura S, et al. From Gauss to Painlevé: A Modern Theory of Special Functions. Berlin: Springer, 1991
Lin C S, Wang C L. Elliptic functions, Green functions and the mean field equations on tori. Ann of Math (2), 2010, 172: 911–954
Lin C S, Wang C L. Geometric quantities arising from bubbling analysis of mean field equations. ArXiv:1609.07204v1, 2016
Lisovyy O, Tykhyy Y. Algebraic solutions of the sixth Painlevé equation. J Geom Phys, 2014, 85: 124–163
Manin Y. Sixth Painlevé quation, universal elliptic curve, and mirror of P2. Amer Math Soc Transl Ser 2, 1998, 186: 131–151
Mazzocco M. Picard and Chazy solutions to the Painlevé VI equation. Math Ann, 2001, 321: 157–195
Okamoto K. Studies on the Painlevé equations. I. Sixth Painlevé equation P VI. Ann Mat Pura Appl (4), 1986, 146: 337–381
Painlevé P. Sur les équations différentialles du second ordre à points critiques fixes. C R Acad Sci Paris Sér I, 1906, 143: 1111–1117
Takemura K. The Hermite-Krichever Ansatz for Fuchsian equations with applications to the sixth Painlevé equation and to finite gap potentials. Math Z, 2009, 263: 149–194
Watanabe H. Birational canonical transformations and classical solutions of the sixth Painlevé equation. Ann Sc Norm Super Pisa Cl Sci (5), 1998, 27: 379–425
Acknowledgements
The first author was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11701312). The authors thank Chin-Lung Wang very much for providing the file of Figure 1 to them.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Dedicated to Professor Lo Yang on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, Z., Kuo, TJ. & Lin, CS. Simple zero property of some holomorphic functions on the moduli space of tori. Sci. China Math. 62, 2089–2102 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-018-9355-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-018-9355-0