Skip to main content
Log in

Unspoken social dynamics in an online discussion group: the disconnect between attitudes and overt behavior of English language teaching graduate students

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Educational Technology Research and Development Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Course instructors across a wide range of disciplines have implemented computer-based learning resources such as online discussion boards. While the benefits of implementing an online discussion board in teaching have been well-documented, investigation into the social aspects of online learning environments is still needed in order to develop a deeper understanding of how group dynamics affect the overall learning experience. Accordingly, this action research project was designed to explore the perceptions of graduate students concerning the use of an online discussion board, focusing on whether the character of the interactions evidenced in the content of the discussion was reflected in the participants’ views of their experiences. The messages posted to the discussion forum were examined via discourse analysis, while the perceptions of the participants were interrogated through self-administered interviews. The results revealed that while positive group dynamics appeared to be prevalent in the discussion, the perceptions of the individual class members did not always agree with this view. In light of the findings, the researcher outlines some possible solutions for creating an online environment that is conducive to learning for members of a discussion forum with disparate levels of experience, as well as some suggestions for further research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allett, N., Keightly, E., & Pickering, M. (2011). Using self-interviews to research memory. Manchester: Realities at the Morgan Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Althaus, S. (1997). Computer-mediated communication in the university classroom: an experiment with online discussions. Communication Education, 46, 158–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armitage, C. J., & Christian, J. (2003). From attitudes to behavior: basic and applied research on the theory of planned behavior. Current Psychology, 22, 187–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw, M. (2001). Contracts and member checks in qualitative research in human geography: reason for caution? Area, 33(2), 202–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaiklin, H. (2011). Attitudes, behavior and social practice. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 38(1), 31–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chamot, A., Barnhardt, S., & Dirstine, S. (1998). Conducting action research in the foreign language classroom. Retrieved March 2, 2013 from National Capital Language Resource Center website http://www.nclrc.org/about_teaching/reports.../conducting_action_research.pdf.

  • Cheng, C. K., Paré, D. E., Collimore, L., & Joordens, S. (2011). Assessing the effectiveness of a voluntary online discussion forum on improving students’ course performance. Computers & Education, 56(1), 253–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clouder, L., Dalley, J., Hargreaves, J., Parkes, S., Sellars, J., & Toms, J. (2006). Electronic [re]constitution of groups: group dynamics from face-to-face to an online setting. International Journal of Computer-supported Collaborative Learning, 1(4), 467–480. doi:10.1007/s11412-006-9002-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, J., & Graff, M. (2005). Performance in e-learning: online participation and student grades. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(4), 657–664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeWever, B., Schellens, T., Valcke, M., & Van Keer, H. (2006). Content analysis schemes to analyze transcripts of online asynchronous discussion groups: a review. Computers & Education, 46(1), 6–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dube, L., Bourhis, L., & Jacob, R. (2006). Towards a typology of virtual communities of practice. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge and Management, 1, 69–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erten, İ. H., & Altay, M. (2009). The effects of task-based group activities on students’ collaborative behaviours in EFL speaking classes. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 5(1), 33–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Estes, L. J., Lloyd, L. E., Teti, M., Raja, S., Bowleg, L., Allgood, K. L., et al. (2010). Perceptions of audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) among women in an HIV-positive prevention program. PLoS One, 5(2), e9149. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrance, E. (2000). Action research. Retrieved March 2, 2013 from LAB at Brown University website: http://www.lab.brown.edu/pubs/themes_ed/act_research.pdf.

  • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2008). How to design and evaluate research in education (7th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallini, J. K., & Barron, D. (2002). Participants’ perceptions of web-infused environments: a survey of teaching beliefs, learning approaches, and communication. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 34(2), 139–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gee, J. P. (2011). How to do discourse analysis: a toolkit. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gömleksiz, M. N. (2007). Effectiveness of cooperative learning (Jigsaw II) method in teaching English as a foreign language to engineering students (Case of Fırat University, Turkey). European Journal of Engineering Education, 32(5), 613–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, J. (2000). The online education bubble. The American prospect, 11(22), 32–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, S. J., & Niman, C. M. (1975). Attitude-behavior consistency: a review. Public Opinion Quarterly, 39(3), 358–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harman, K., & Koohang, A. (2005). Discussion board: a learning object. Interdisciplinary Journal of Knowledge and Learning Objects, 1, 67–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, R. J. (1981). Attitudes and behavior. In M. Rosenberg & R. H. Turner (Eds.), Social psychology: social perspectives (pp. 347–377). New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, R. W., Verplanken, B., & Van Knippenberg, A. (2002). On the nature of attitude-behavior relations: the strong guide, the weak follow. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 869–876.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irwin, B., & Boulton, H. (2010). Analysing the development of professional identity in blogging discourse. In C. Rust (Ed.), Improving student learning: for the twenty-first century learner. Proceedings of the 17th improving student learning symposium, Imperial College, London, 7–9 Sept 2009. (pp 22–32).

  • Irwin, B., & Hramiak, A. (2010). A discourse analysis of trainee teacher identity in online discussion forums. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 19(3), 361–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanic, R. (1998). Writing and identity: the discoursal construction of identity in academic writing. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jandt, F. E. (2010). An introduction to intercultural communication: identities in a global community (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kehrwald, B. (2008). Understanding social presence in text-based online learning environments. Distance Education, 29(1), 89–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LaPiere, L. T. (1934). Attitudes vs. actions. Social Forces, 13(2), 230–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liska, A. E. (1984). A critical examination of the causal structure of the Fishbein/Ajzen attitude-behavior model. Social psychology quarterly, 39(2), 261–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y.-L., Lin, W.-J., Yueh, H.-P., & Minoh, M. (2010). A study of group interaction patterns and emoticon use in a synchronous discussion activity. International Journal on Digital Learning Technology, 2(1), 79–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marhefka, M. (2011). Online communicating with Nicenet and Gaggle. The School Librarian’s Workshop, 31(5), 14–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazzolini, M., & Maddison, S. (2007). When to jump in: the role of the instructor in online discussion forums. Computers & Education, 49, 193–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCombs, B. (2000). Assessing the role of educational technology in the teaching and learning process: A learner-centered perspective. Paper presented at the Secretary’s Conference on Educational Technology 2000, Alexandria.

  • Merriam, S. B. (2002). Qualitative research and case study applications in education (3rd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey–Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meskill, C., & Anthony, N. (2005). Foreign language learning with CMC: forms of online instructional discourse in a hybrid Russian class. System, 33, 89–105. doi:10.1016/j.system.2005.01.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morse, J. M., Barrett, M., Mayan, M., Olson, K., & Spiers, J. (2002). Verification strategies for establishing reliability and validity in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 1(2). Retrieved March 2, 2013 from http://www.ualberta.ca/~ijqm/.

  • Nicenet (1998). Nicenet releases a new Internet classroom assistant [Press release]. Retrieved March 2, 2013 from http://www.nicenet.org/ica/ica_info.cfm.

  • Nussbaum, M., Szewkis, E., Rosen, T., Abalos, J., Denardin, F., Caballero, D., et al. (2011). Collaboration within large groups in the classroom. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 6(4), 561–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pestello, H. F. G., & Pestello, F. P. (1991). Ignored, neglected and abused: the behavior variable in attitude-behavior research. Symbolic Interaction, 14(3), 341–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasulo, M. (2006). The role of participant discourse in online community formation (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Naples: University of Naples Federico II.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redmon, R. J., & Burger, M. (2004). WEB CT discussion forums: asynchronous group reflection of the student teaching experience. Curriculum and Teaching Dialogue, 6(2), 157–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiser, R. A. (2001). A history of instructional design and technology: part I: a history of instructional media. Educational Technology Research and Development, 49(1), 53–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, J. C., & Ice, P. (2010). Investigating students’ level of critical thinking across instructional strategies in online discussions. Internet and Higher Education, 13(1–2), 52–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sağlamel, H. (2009). An experimental study on the role of creative drama in alleviating language anxiety in speaking classes with reference to teachers’ and learners’ perceptions of language anxiety (Unpublished master’s thesis). Trabzon: Karadeniz Technical University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saldaña, J. (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sowden, S., & Keeves, J. P. (1988). Analysis of evidence in humanistic studies. In J. Keeves (Ed.), Educational research, methodology and measurement: An international handbook (pp. 513–526). Oxford: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spatariu, A., Hartley, K., & Bendixen, L. D. (2004). Defining and measuring quality in on-line discussion. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 2(4), 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swan, K. (2004). Issues of interface. European Journal of Open and Distance Learning. Retrieved March 2, 2013 from http://www.eurodl.org/materials/contrib/2004/Karen_Swan.html.

  • Swan, K., Schenker, J., Arnold, S., & Kuo, C. L. (2007). Shaping online discussion: assessment matters. In C. Montgomerie & J. Seale (Eds.), Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2007 (pp. 2649–2656). Chesapeake: AACE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swan, K., & Shih, L.-F. (2005). On the nature and development of social presence in online course discussions. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 9(3), 115–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, K. J. (2005). Emotion, gender and the sustainability of communities. The Journal of Community Informatics, 1(2). Retrieved March 2, 2013 from http://ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/208/165.

  • Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurston, A. (2005). Building online learning communities. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 14(3), 353–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tu, C.-H. (2000). Critical examination of factors affecting interaction on CMC. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 23(1), 39–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vonderwell, S., & Zacariah, S. (2005). Factors that influence participation in online learning. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 38(2), 213–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, D., & Hiltz, S. R. (2004). Predicting learning from asynchronous online discussions. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 8(2), 139–152.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Servet Çelik.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Çelik, S. Unspoken social dynamics in an online discussion group: the disconnect between attitudes and overt behavior of English language teaching graduate students. Education Tech Research Dev 61, 665–683 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-013-9288-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-013-9288-3

Keywords

Navigation