Abstract
There are many evidences of motivational and educational benefits from the use of learning software. However, there is a lack of study with regards to the teaching of creative writing. This paper aims to bridge the following gaps: first, the need for a proper framework for scaffolding creative writing through learning software; second, the lack of technical scaffolding in creative writing learning software; third, the need for customizable learning software that requires little programming knowledge; and fourth, personalized learning. To develop our initial framework, Merrill’s First Principles of Instruction is used as pedagogical scaffold and story setting, characters and story structure as component-based technical scaffolds. These were tested in a low-fidelity prototype. User testing indicates an increase in creativity, improvement in story development, clarity of ideas and language skills. We also derive two design principles, i.e. identity and interactivity. Based on these findings, a high-fidelity prototype, named Storyworld, is developed. T-test analyses on results indicate significant improvement in overall creative writing skills, as well as grammar, structure and creativity. The prototype utilizes component-based design in the technical scaffolds, which is encapsulated in a tidy framework that can be personalized for individual learning needs. Our most important contribution is a proper framework combining technical scaffolds and pedagogical scaffolds that not only makes learning more effective and motivating for students, but is also cost-effective in redesigning and personalizing lessons and systems.
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Acknowledgments
This work was carried out while the first author was a Masters student in Multimedia University’s Faculty of Information Technology and the second author was an Associate Professor with Multimedia University’s (MMU) Faculty of Information Technology. We thank MMU’s Institute of Postgraduate Studies and the Faculty of Information Technology for their continuous support and assistance in various forms throughout this study.
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Chong, S.X., Lee, CS. Developing a pedagogical-technical framework to improve creative writing. Education Tech Research Dev 60, 639–657 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-012-9242-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-012-9242-9