Abstract
Despite acknowledging issues of inequity within science education, practices, standards, and reform-guiding documents like the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) still fall short in actions that result in substantive and sustained progress in achieving their expressed goals and expectations. Issues of inequity in science education have been and are continuously documented for certain populations, Black students are of particular interest in this study. Using student responses to a survey to elicit the students’ nominations of teachers to receive a fictitious “Best Science Teacher Award” and reasons for their selections, we explored what captured Black high school students’ attention within their science educational experiences over time (N = 261). Deductive and inductive coding resulted in a category system which was synthesized into three dimensions: affect, praxis, and personal traits. These dimensions encapsulated what students deemed most important in supporting their nominations for the best science teacher award. Collectively, these dimensions suggested that emotion and pedagogy captured Black students’ attention. Additionally, the category system was used to derive student profiles which reflected the various reasons posited in a student’s rationale. Chi-square analyses of student profiles showed significant associations at p < .05 between student profiles and level taught by the nominated teacher (Cramer’s V of 0.783) and student profiles and survey respondent’s grade level (Cramer’s V of 0.480). Implications for studying attention as it relates to learning and the importance of incorporating student perceptions and experiences into policy, reform, and implementation efforts that ensue from each are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AAAS. (1989). Science for all Americans: A project 2061 report on literacy goals in science, mathematics, and technology. American Association for the Advancement of Science.
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). (1993). Benchmarks for science literacy. Oxford University Press.
Archer, L., Dewitt, J., & Osborne, J. (2015). Is science for us? Black students’ and parents’ view of science and science careers. Science Education, 99(2), 199–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21146
Atwater, M. M. (2000). Equity for Black Americans in precollege science. Science Education, 84, 154–179. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-237X(200003)84:2%3c154::AID-SCE2%3e3.0.CO;2-R
Brand, B., Glasson, G., & Green, A. (2006). Sociocultural factors influencing students’ learning in science and mathematics: An analysis of the perspectives of African American students. School Science and Mathematics, 106(5), 228–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.2006.tb18081.x
Brown, B. A., Henderson, J. B., Gray, S., Donovan, B., Sullivan, S., Patterson, A., & Waggstaff, W. (2016). From description to explanation: An empirical exploration of the African American pipleline problem in STEM. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 53(1), 146–177. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21249
Brown, B. A., Mangram, C., Sun, K., Cross, K., & Raab, E. (2017). Representing racial identity: Identity, race, the construction of the African American STEM students. Urban Education, 52(2), 170–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085916661385
Buck, G. A., Cook, K. L., Quigley, C. F., Prince, P., & Lucas, Y. (2014). Seeking to improve African American girls’ attitudes toward science: A participatory action research project. The Elementary School Journal, 114(3), 431–453. https://doi.org/10.1086/674419
Carlone, H. B., Scott, C. M., & Lowder, C. (2014). Becoming (less) scientific: A longitudinal study of students’ identity work from elementary to middle school science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 51(7), 836–869. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21150
Choi, H., Seitz, A. R., & Watanabe, T. (2009). When attention interrupts learning: Inhibitory effects of attention on TIPL. Vision Research, 49, 2586–2590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2009.07.004
Coleman, S. T., Bruce, A. W., White, L. J., Boykin, A. W., & Tyler, K. (2016). Communal and individual learning contexts as they relate to mathematics achievement under simulated classroom conditions. Journal of Black Psychology, 43(6), 543–564. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798416665966
Connell, G. L., Donovan, D. A., & Chambers, T. G. (2016). Increasing the use of student- centered pedagogies from moderate to high improves student learning and attitudes about Biology. CBE-Life Sciences Education, 15(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.15-03-0062
Elmesky, R., & Seiler, G. (2007). Movement expressiveness, solidarity, and the (re)shaping of African American students’ scientific identities. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 2, 73–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-007-9050-4
Hargrave, C. P. (2015). Counter space: Analysis of educational structures of an after-school program that fosters black academic success narratives. Journal of Negro Education, 84(3), 348–361. https://doi.org/10.7709/jnegroeducation.84.3.0348
Hidi, S. E. (1995). A reexamination of the role of attention in learning from text. Educational Psychology Review, 7(4), 323–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02212306
Imada, T., Carlson, S. M., & Itakura, S. (2013). East-West cultural differences in context- sensitivity are evident in early childhood. Developmental Science, 16(2), 198–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12016
Kane, J. M. (2016). Young African American boys narrating identities in science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 53(1), 95–118. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21247
Kardan, O., Shneidman, L., Krogh-Jespersen, S., Gaskins, S., Berman, M. G., & Woodward, A. (2017). Cultural and developmental influences on overt visual attention to videos. Scientific Reports, 7(11264), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11570-w
Kumar, R., Zusho, A., & Bondie, R. (2018). Weaving cultural relevance and achievement motivation into inclusive classroom cultures. Educational Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2018.1432361
Kyndt, E., Cascallar, E., & Docy, F. (2012). Individual differences in working memory capacity and attention, and their relationship with students’ approaches to learning. Higher Education, 64, 285–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-011-9493-0
Latcher, J., Foster, K. I., & Ruthruff, E. (2004). Forty-five years after Broadbent (1958): Still no identification without attention. Psychological Review, 111(4), 880–913. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.111.4.880
Masuda, T., Ishii, K., & Kimura, J. (2016). When does the culturally dominant mode of attention appear or disappear? Comparing patterns of eye movement during the visual flicker task between European Canadians and Japanese? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47(7), 997–1014. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022116653830
Mutegi, J. (2013). “Life’s first need is for us to be realistic” and other reasons for examining the sociocultural construction of race in the science performance of African American students. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 50(1), 82–103. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21065
National Research Council. (1996). National science education standards. National Academies Press.
NGSS Lead States. (2013). Next Generation Science Standards: For states, by states (Vol. I). The National Academies Press.
NGSS Lead States. (2013). Next Generation Science Standards: For states, by states (Vol. II). The National Academies Press.
Parsons, E. C., Simpson, J., & Cooper, J. (2009). Low status and positionality of African Americans: A critique of science education reform and research. In K. Tobin & W-M. Roth (Eds.) The world of science education: Handbook of research in North America, vol. 1 (pp. 331–351). Sense Publishers
Parsons, E. C. (2008). Learning contexts, Black cultural ethos, and the science achievement of African American students in an urban middle school. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45(6), 665–683. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20240
Parsons, E. C., & Thompson Dorsey, D. (2015). The race problem: Its perpetuation in the Next Generation of Science Standards. In L. D. Drakeford (Ed.), The race controversy in American education (pp. 215–235). Praeger Publishers.
Parsons, E. C., Tran, L., & Travis, C. (2008). An investigation from the perspective of race of student roles in small, racially mixed science groups. International Journal of Science Education, 30(11), 1464–1489. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690701531042
Rogoff, B. (2003). The cultural nature of human development. Oxford University Press.
Roth, M.-W., & Lee, Y.-J. (2007). “Vygotsky’s neglected legacy:” Cultural-historical activity theory. Review of Educational Research, 77(2), 186–232. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654306298273
Sandilos, L. E., Rimm-Kaufman, S. E., & Cohen, J. J. (2017). Warmth and demand: The relationship between students’ perceptions of the classroom environment and achievement growth. Child Development, 88(4), 1321–1337. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12685
Schunk, D. (2012). Learning theories: An educational perspective. Pearson.
Senzaki, S., Masuda, T., & Ishii, K. (2014). When is perception top-down and when is it not? Culture, narrative, and attention. Cognitive Science: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 38(7), 1493–1506. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12118
Taatgen, N. A., van Rijn, H., & Anderson, J. (2007). An integrated theory of prospective time interval estimation: The role of cognition, attention, and learning. Psychological Review, 114(3), 577–598. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.114.3.577
Tesch, R. (1990). Qualitative research: Analysis types and software tools. Falmer Press.
Walls, L. (2012). Third grade African American students’ views of the nature of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 49(1), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20450
Ware, F. (2006). Warm demander pedagogy: Culturally responsive teaching that supports a culture of achievement for African American students. Urban Education, 41(4), 427–456. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085906289710
Yerrick, R. K., & Gilber, A. (2011). Constraining the discourse community: How science discourse perpetuates marginalization of underrepresented students. Journal of Multicultural Discourse, 6(1), 67–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2010.510909
Yerrick, R., & Johnson, J. (2011). Negotiating White science in rural Black America: A case for navigating the landscape of teacher knowledge domains. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 6, 915–939. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-011-9350-6
Yerrick, R., Schiller, J., & Reisfeld, J. (2011). “Who are you callin’ expert?”: Using student narratives to redefine expertise and advocacy lower track science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 48(1), 13–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20388
Young, J. L., Feille, K. K., & Young, J. R. (2017). Black girls as learners and doers of science: A single-group summary of elementary science achievement. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 21(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932202X17730549
Young, J., & Young, J. (2018). The structural relationship between out-of-school time enrichment and black student participation in advanced science. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 41(1), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162353217745381
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This manuscript is part of the special issue “Science education and the African Diaspora in the United States”, guest edited by Mary M. Atwater and Jomo W. Mutegi.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Parsons, E.C., Morton, T.R. My best science teacher: the views of Black students and implications for science education reform. Cult Stud of Sci Educ 17, 63–83 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-022-10106-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-022-10106-7