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Changes in the extracted amounts and seasonally variable constituents of Diospyros kaki at different growth stages

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Abstract

Persimmon Calyx is a crude drug derived from the persistent calyx of mature fruit of Diospyros kaki Thunberg (Ebenaceae) and is used for the treatment of intractable hiccups. Although there are several reports on the isolation of constituents from Persimmon Calyx, its active constituents have not been elucidated. In this study, by focusing on the medicinal part of Persimmon Calyx, calyx on mature fruit of D. kaki, we examined the changes in the extraction amounts of 3 cultivars of D. kaki (‘Hiratanenashi’, ‘Jiro’, and ‘Tonewase’) to identify and quantify seasonally variable constituents during the maturation process by analysing their chemical compositions. We found that the extraction weight of the calyx, fruit of persimmons, and total tannin content in calyxes were significantly increased during maturation. Lupeol (1), betulinic acid (2), pomolic acid (3), ursolic acid (4), β-sitosterol (5), rotungenic acid (6), barbinervic acid (7), catechin (8), gallocatechin (9), and sucrose (10) were identified in the calyx of D. kaki. Compounds 1, 6, and 7 were isolated from Persimmon Calyx for the first time. Moreover, the isolated compounds (1–7) and their analogue (oleanolic acid) were quantitatively analysed, and the results showed that the amounts of 4 and oleanolic acid were reduced during maturation, whereas that of 2, 3, 6, and 7 were increased.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Editage (https://www.editage.jp) for English language editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan

    Emi Katsumi, Naohiro Oshima & Noriyasu Hada

  2. Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan

    Natsuko Kagawa & Hitoshi Ohara

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  1. Emi Katsumi
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  2. Naohiro Oshima
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  3. Natsuko Kagawa
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  4. Hitoshi Ohara
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  5. Noriyasu Hada
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Correspondence to Naohiro Oshima or Noriyasu Hada.

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11418_2020_1456_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supplementary file1 Changes in extraction weight (Fig. S1) and the total tannin content (Fig. S2) are available as Supplementary Material (PDF 163 kb)

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Katsumi, E., Oshima, N., Kagawa, N. et al. Changes in the extracted amounts and seasonally variable constituents of Diospyros kaki at different growth stages. J Nat Med 75, 105–115 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-020-01456-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-020-01456-z

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