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Patchouli alcohol: in vitro direct anti-influenza virus sesquiterpene in Pogostemon cablin Benth.

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Abstract

During the screening of anti-influenza virus substances from traditional herbal medicines, the methanol extract from the leaves of Pogostemon cablin Benth. showed potent in vitro antiviral activity (99.8% inhibition at a concentration of 10 μg/mL) against influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). The anti-influenza virus principle was isolated from the hexane-soluble fraction, through solvent fractionation, repeated silica gel column chromatography, and reversed-phase HPLC. The major active principle was a volatile substance that was identified as a sesquiterpene, patchouli alcohol (1), on the basis of its spectral analyses. When anti-influenza virus activity against A/PR/8/34 was evaluated by the plaque forming assay, patchouli alcohol reduced the number of plaques by 75% at 2 μg/mL and 89% at 10 μg/mL. Patchouli alcohol showed dose-dependent anti-influenza virus activity, and its IC50 value was estimated to be 2.635 μM. Although 11 different sesquiterpenes were tested for antiviral activity against influenza virus A/PR/8/34, no or negligible activity was observed except for patchouli alcohol. Patchouli alcohol did not show anti-influenza virus activity against A/Guizhou/54/89 (H3N2), but showed weak activity against B/Ibaraki/2/85 (IC50 = 40.82 μM). Patchouli alcohol did not show inhibitory activity against influenza virus neuraminidase.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Takasago International Corporation (Tokyo, Japan) for kind gifts of standard sesquiterpenes. A part of the present work was supported by The 21st Century COE Program, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan

    Hiroaki Kiyohara, Chikara Ichino, Takayuki Nagai & Haruki Yamada

  2. Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan

    Hiroaki Kiyohara, Yuka Kawamura, Takayuki Nagai & Haruki Yamada

  3. Department of Basic Research, Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan

    Hiroaki Kiyohara, Takayuki Nagai & Haruki Yamada

  4. Department of Central Analytical Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan

    Noriko Sato

Authors
  1. Hiroaki Kiyohara
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  2. Chikara Ichino
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  3. Yuka Kawamura
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  4. Takayuki Nagai
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  5. Noriko Sato
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  6. Haruki Yamada
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Correspondence to Hiroaki Kiyohara or Haruki Yamada.

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Kiyohara, H., Ichino, C., Kawamura, Y. et al. Patchouli alcohol: in vitro direct anti-influenza virus sesquiterpene in Pogostemon cablin Benth.. J Nat Med 66, 55–61 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-011-0550-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-011-0550-x

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